Lifespan Chapter 1

science of human development

studies change over time using scientific method

what are some things human developmentalist study

emotion, cognition, and how they shift chronologically

nature

traits each individual genetically inherits from parents

Nurture

All environmental influences that affect development (after conception)

epigenetics

study of how the environment impacts genes and genetic expression

What is FAS

fetal alcohol syndrome

differential susceptibility

the idea that people vary in their sensitivity (dandelions and orchids)

ACES

Adverse childhood experience

Trauma

an emotional response to a terrible event and long lasting negative effect on person’s attitude, and behavior

what are orchids

kids who do not need spanked or yelled at, they are harder to get to there but they grow beautifully if supported

what are dandelions

strong and resilient kids who experience childhood adversity and overcome it just fine

PTSD

an event where your life is at risk or watched someone else’s life at risk

critical period

when a particular type of developmental growth must happen if it is ever going to

sensitive period

when a certain type of development is most likely to happen but could still happen later

culture

behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group, generationally shared

ethnic group

people whose ancestors were born in same region

culture

shared experience, same geographic culture

different=deficit error

when we see people doing something different we have negative thoughts

jean piaget

Swiss, cognitive developmental psychologist

what ages were jean piagets stages

infancy to teen

what did jean piaget teach us

how cognition develops over childhood

what are the stages of cognitive development

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Signmund Frued

created psychosexual stages of development, never worked with children, theories were debunked

signmus frued psychosexual stages of development

oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency, genital

Erik Erickson

psychosocial development

what are the stages of psychosocial development

trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame/doubt, initiative vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs dispare

what are the types of learning

social learning, classical conditioning, operant conditioning

Classical conditioning

unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, neutral stimulus

evolutionary theory

the understanding that current human emotions and impulses are a legacy of evolution

scientific observation

unobtrusively watching and recording participants’ behavior in a systematic and objective manor

naturalistic observations

going to public spaces and observing plus recording what happens

lab observations

looking through a 1 way mirror, doing an assessment

model pre-school

kids know someone is watching them but they do not care

indep. variable

influences dep. variable

dep. variable

changes due to indep, variable

correlation is not

causation

cross sectional research

research done in one year, people who differ in age but are similar in other characteristics

longitudinal research

same individuals are followed over time and their development is assessed repeatedly

cohort effect

people who are the same age +- 2 years, something made them different

cross sequential research

combining cross-sectional and longitudinal

correlation coefficient

a number that indicates the degree of relationship between two variables