Edexcel A Level Mathematics Year 2 Statistics and Mechanics

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the Edexcel A level Mathematics Year 2 Statistics and Mechanics course.

Exponential Models

Uses logarithms and coding to examine trends in non-linear data, often associated with y = ab^x.

Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PMCC)

A quantitative measure describing the linear correlation between two variables, ranging from -1 to 1.

Hypothesis Testing for Zero Correlation

A statistical test to determine if the PMCC for a sample indicates a linear relationship within the whole population.

Set Notation

A symbolic language used to describe events within a sample space, including intersection (A ∩ B), union (A ∪ B), and complement (A').

Conditional Probability

The probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred, denoted as P(B|A).

Probability Formulae

Equations that link the probability of the union and intersection of events, such as P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B).

Tree Diagrams

Visual representation showing conditional probabilities.

Normal Distribution

A continuous probability distribution that can be used to model many naturally occurring characteristics; defined by mean (μ) and variance (σ²).

Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PMCC)

Describes the linear correlation between two variables. It can take values between −1 and 1.

Hypothesis testing for zero correlation

You can use a hypothesis test to determine whether the product moment correlation coefficient, r, for a particular sample indicates that there is likely to be a linear relationship within the whole population.

The event A and B

can be written as A ∩ B. The ‘∩’ symbol is the symbol for intersection.

The event A or B

can be written as A ∪ B. The ‘∪’ symbol is the symbol for union.

The event not A

can be written as A9. This is also called the complement of A.

P(A ∪ B )

P(A) + P(B ) − P(A ∩ B )

P(B|A)

P(B ∩ A) / P(A)

B|A)

P(B ∩ A) = P(B|A) × P(A)

Equilibrium

When a rigid body is in equilibrium, the resultant force in any direction is 0N and the resultant moment about any point is 0Nm.

Equilibrium (Tilting)

When a rigid body is on the point of tilting about a pivot, the reaction at any other support (or the tension in any other wire or string) is zero.

Normal Distribution

The distribution becomes bell-shaped and is symmetrical about the mean.

Friction

A force which opposes motion between two rough surfaces.

Standard Normal Distribution

The standard normal distribution has mean 0 and standard deviation 1.

If n is large and p is close to 0.5, then the binomial distribution X ~ B(n, p)

can be approximated by the normal distribution N(µ, σ2) where µ = np σ = √_ np(1 − p)