aphg unit 2

population distribution

where people live within a geographic area

climate

long term weather patterns that affects population distribution in direct/in direct ways

temperate climate

areas with moderate temperatures and adiquite precipitation amounts.

landforms

the natural features of Earth’s surface

human migration

when people make a permanent move from one place to another

population density

the number of people occupying a unit of land

arithmetic density

total number of people per unit of land

physiological density

total number of people per until of arable land

arable land

land used to grow crops

agricultural density

amt of farmers per unit of arable land

substinence agriculture

most of farming taking place is for close community

carrying capacity

maximum population size an environment can sustain

dependancy ratio

number of people in a dependent age group/people in the working age group x 100

sex ratio

ratio of males to females in a population

demographic

data about the characteristics of a population

fertility

ability to produce children

crude birth rate (CBR)

number of births in a year per 1k ppl

total fertility rate (TFR)

average number of children 1 woman will have

mortality

death, impacts population growth

crude death rate (CDR)

number of deaths in a population per 1k ppl

infant mortality rate (IMR)

number of deaths for children <1 years per 1k births

life expectancy

avg number of years a person is expected to live

population pyramid

tool used to interpret how a population changes

rate of natural increase (RNI)

the speed in which an areas population is growing (CBR-CDR)

doubling time

the amount of years it will take for an areas current population to double in size

urbanization

growth/development of cities

overpopulation

when a population exceeds its carrying capacity

moral restraint

delaying marriage and childbirth

Malthusian theory

population growth will outpace the amount of available resources

neo-malthusian

has concerns about sustainability, like Malthus but modern

demographic transition model (DTM)

model that shows growth shifts over time

epidemiological transition model (ETM)

shows population factors through stages of death

antinatalist

against or trying to delay the amount of births

pronatalist

encouraging more births

mobility

all types of movement from one location to another

circulation

temporary regular/repetitive motion

migration

permanent movement

emigrant

someone moving away

immigrant

someone moving in

net migration

difference of emigrants and immigrants

gravity model

predicts interaction between places

push factor

something pushing a person away from a location

pull factor

something pulling a person towards a new location

voluntary migration

moving based on their own will

forced migration

moving due to an external, uncontrollable factor(s)

transnational migration

voluntary, immigrants keep in touch with their country of origin

internal migration

voluntary, people moving within a country

friction of distance

father a journey, more it involves

transhumance

voluntary, practiced seasonally by nomads

chain migration

voluntary, people move to an area due to others they know

step migration

voluntary, series of smaller moves before final destination

intervening obstacle

something holding migrants back

intervening oppurtunity

something pausing journey by choice

rural to urban migration

voluntary, trend showing moves from rural to urban area

guest workers

people who temporarily travel to a place as a laborer

circular migration

people moving back and forth for work

refugee

someone forced to leave due to persecution

asylum

refugees seeking protection in a different country

internally displaced persons (IDP)

people still inside the country they are being persecuted in, displaced from homes

repatriate

refugees that return to home countries

climate refugees

migrants forced to leave due to environment problems

interregional

from one region of a country to another

intraregional

within one region

quotas

limits on number of immigrants allowed into a country

kinship links

networks of relatives and friends