ankle and foot

function of ankle and foot

support body weight, control and stabilize lower leg, adjust to irregular surfaces, provide shock absorption

name for ankle joint

talocrural joint

talocrural joint composed of

tibi, fibula, and talus

what kind of joint is talocrural joint

hinge "mortise" with 1 degree of freedom

rearfoot joint

subtalar joint, between calcaneus and talus, very mobile

midfoot joint

formed by talocalcaneonavicular joint, calcaneocuboid joint, and intertarsal joint

forefoot joints

tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal, metatarsophalangeal, interphalangeal

motions of ankle (talocrural joint)

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

motions of foot

inversion/eversion abduction/adduction and supination/pronation

supination

Adduction, Plantarflexion, Inversion

ADD Plants IN Soup

prontation

eversion, abduction, and dorsiflexion

(lateral) fibular collateral ligaments

supports lateral aspect of foot:anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament, and calcaneofibular ligament

anterior talofibular ligament

thin and most commonly injured

medial (tibial/deltoid) collateral ligaments

tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar

medial (tibial/deltoid) collateral ligaments function

broader and stronger, covers more, supports medial aspect of foot

plantar calcaneonavicular

"spring ligament"; supports the arch

long plantar ligament

- calcaneus to the cuboid to the bases of the 2nd-4th metatarsals, supports all foot structures

- longest of the ligaments of the tarsus

plantarflexors of foot

Gastrocnemius

soleus

tibialis posterior

Flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

plantaris (assists only)

anterior dorsiflexors of foot

tibialis anterior

extensor hallucis longus

extensor digitorum longus

eversion of foot

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

extensor digitorum longus

inversion of foot

tibialis posterior

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

tibialis anterior

extensor hallucis longus

arches of foot

Medial longitudinal arch

Lateral longitudinal arch

Transverse arch

Medial longitudinal arch

gives the shape of your foots arch

plantar aponeurosis

thick fascia tissue supporting both arches, fans out in 5 bands to each toe

plantar ligament

ligament at bottom of foot to give arch, helps prevent subluxation of foot

pes cavus

high arch, doesn't absorb forces well, congenital or neuromuscular condition

rigid pes planus

Arch dropped in weight bearing and non-weight bearing

flexible/supple pes planus

arch is shown in non-weight bearing and arch goes away in weight bearing

rearfoot varus

LCL at risk of damage, deviates medially

rearfoot valgus

MCL at risk of damage, deviates laterally

talipes equinovarus "clubfoot"

congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side

hallux valgus

lateral deviation of the great toe "bunyon"

claw toes

toes dig down, middle and distal joints are flexed

hammer toes

flexion of middle joint and distal joint is either in extension or normal