OOP Quiz 4

Object Oriented Programming Quiz 4 12/6/2022

template function and classes

template function and classes

enable programs to work on many different data types without being rewritten for each one.

parameterize

templates provide the capability to ___________ types in functions and classes

tempate<typename T>

define generic types for a class

generic types, concrete types

You can define functions or classes with __________ that can be substituted for ___________ by the compiler

default type

can assign a ________ for a type parameter

array limitation

The array size is fixed when the array is created

push back(): void

Appends the element in this vector

pop back(): void

Removes the last element from this vector

size(): unsigned const

Returns the number of elements in this vector

at(): elementType const

Returns the element at the specified index in this vector

empty() bool const

returns true if vector is empty

clear(): void

Removes all elements from this vector

swap(): void

Swaps the contents of this vector with the specified vector

operator overloading

Providing a user-defined meaning to a pre-defined operator (e.g., +, ==, <<) for a user-defined type (e.g., a class)

Defining functions for operators

Operators

Functions defined in a class

operator

These functions are named with keyword _________ followed by the actual operator.

Inheritance

Define new classes from existing classes

base class

a general class, not accessible outside the class

derived class

specialized class

accessor/mutator

base classes can be accessed through public _____ if defined in base class

constructor

The _________ of a derived class first calls its base class's constructor before it executes its own code.

destructor

The ______________ of a derived class executes its own code then automatically calls its base class's _____________.

derived

Constructors can only be called from the constructors of the _______ classes to initialize the data fields.

Constructor Chaining

Constructing an instance of a class invokes all the superclasses' constructors along the inheritance chain

Destructor Chaining

When an object of a derived class is destroyed the derived class destructor is called. Then it invokes the base class destructor

Inheritance Hierarchy

A set of hierarchical relationships between classes of objects

Redefining function

function in a derived class that has the same name and parameter list as a function in the base class

Overloading Functions

The functions have the same name but different parameter lists.

Redefining vs. Overloading

Overloading a function is a way to provide more than one function with the same name but with different signatures to distinguish them. To redefine a function, the function must be defined in the derived class using the same signature and the same return type as in its base class

Polymorphism

A variable of a supertype can refer to a subtype object.

Supertype

A generic entity that has a relationship with one or more subtypes

Subtype

A subgrouping of the entities in an entity type that is meaningful to the organization and that shares common attributes or relationships distinct from other subgroupings.

Inheritance Chain

A polymorphic function can be implemented in several classes along this

dynamic binding

type of object is not determined until run-time

two steps for dynamic binding

1. Function must be defined virtual in the base class

2. The variable that references the object must be passed by reference or passed as pointer in the virtual function