Psychology Quiz Study Set: Individual and Group 2024

Describe social identity theory in one sentence.

Social identity theory states that we evaluate ourselves and others partly based on the social groups to which we belong.

List the 3 mental processes that occur in SIT, in order.

social categorization, social identification, social comparison

Define social identification

the process of adopting the norms of your social group

Define norms

the written or unwritten rules for behavior in a social or cultural group

Describe social cognitive theory in 1 sentence

Social cognitive theory that learning does not occur simply through personal trial and error, but also through observing others.

Identify the three types of factors that influence learning according to SCT

behavioral, environmental, and personal

Describe behavioral factors and give an example

behavioral factors are actions taken by the learner, such as practice or self-observation

Describe environmental factors and give an example

environmental factors are things in the learners enviornmental including models, norms, and reinforcement

Describe personal factors and give an example

personal factors are the cognitive or emotional factors of a person, such as their self efficacy, mood, or motivation

Define self efficacy

self efficacy is your belief that you can accomplish a task

Define reinforcement

a response to a behavior (such as a reward) that increases the likelihood a behavior is repeated

What was the IV of the 3rd Bandura experiment

The ending of the video was the IV. In one, the model was praised for being aggressive and given a reward (candy and soda). In another, the model was scolded and spanked for being aggressive. In the control, the video ended with the aggression.

What were the results of the 3rd Bandura experiment

Children who say the negative reinforcement video were much less likely to play aggressively than those that saw the postive reinforcement or control video.

How did the Schaller experiment demonstrate a role for illusory correlation in the formation of stereotypes?

Illusory correlation was shown in the control group, b/c although the control group evaluated both "A" and "B" personalities equally, they tended to associate the rare group (B) with the rare personality traits.

How did the Schaller experiment demonstrate a role for social identity theory in the formation of stereotypes?

The participants who were told that they belonged to group A or group B showed in-group bias. They tended to evaluate their own group more favorably and were more likely to remember the positive traits associated with their group and the negative traits associated with the other group.

Define stereotype

Stereotypes are overly simplistic generalizations about a group of people

Define stereotype threat

Stereotype threat describes psychological threat felt by someone when they are in a situation in which they feel they may be stereotyped. Stereotype threat can cause anxiety and underperformance.

What was the IV of the Steele and Aronson experiment?

The IV was how the test was described: as a measure of intellectual ability (the stereotype threat condition), as a problem solving task (control), and as a challenge (another control)

What was the DV of the Steele and Aronson experiment?

The DV was the score on the test (a section of the GRE)

What were the results of the Steele and Aronson experiment?

Black students scored lower when the test was described as a measure of intellectual ability than in the control conditions; this suggests that the threat of being stereotyped led to anxiety and underperformance.

What was the DV of the Bandura experiments?

Number of imitative aggressive acts

What was the IV of the Steele and Aronson experiment on effects of stereotypes?

The way the test was described: as a measure of intellectual ability (stereotype threat condition), as a challenge (control), or as a problem-solving task (control)