Contributions of Black Athletes to Sports in the Nineteenth Century and Beyond

These flashcards cover the contributions of Black athletes, their achievements, and their impact on sports and racial equality from the nineteenth century to the present.

What notable achievements did Oliver Lewis and William 'Billy' Walker accomplish in the 1870s?

Oliver Lewis won the inaugural Kentucky Derby in 1875, followed by William 'Billy' Walker who won the Derby in 1877.

What was the impact of the Colored Hockey League of the Maritimes founded in 1895?

It predated the NHL and provided an opportunity for Black athletes to showcase their skills in hockey.

How did the Black jockey community change from the 19th century to the early 20th century?

The number of Black jockeys declined due to discrimination and segregation, leading to their near disappearance by the 1920s.

What were some major Negro Leagues established by African American baseball players?

Major leagues included the Negro National League founded in 1920 and the Eastern Colored League founded in 1923.

Who was the first African American player in Major League Baseball?

Jackie Robinson became the first Black player in MLB in 1947.

What significant achievement did Jesse Owens accomplish at the 1936 Berlin Olympics?

Jesse Owens won four gold medals, disproving Nazi racial ideology of superiority of the Aryan race.

What protest did Tommie Smith and John Carlos perform at the 1968 Olympics?

They raised their fists in a Black power salute to show solidarity with the Black Freedom movement.

How did Muhammad Ali challenge racial injustice during the Vietnam War?

He refused to be drafted, citing racism at home and was later convicted of draft evasion, though the conviction was overturned.

What action did Colin Kaepernick take in 2016 to address police brutality and racial injustice?

He began kneeling during the national anthem, inspiring other athletes to participate in the protest.

What was the purpose of the Olympic Project for Human Rights in 1968?

It aimed to protest racial discrimination and initiate changes, including a boycott of the Olympics against racial practices.