History Test 5

Shrine

Shrine

A holy, sapce dedicated to a specific God or Deity

Fresco

Art of painting on plastered walls

Strait

narrow waterway that connects to larger bodies of water

Homer & Lilad and Odyssey

story/epic that is set during the Trojan war.

Knossos

A palace was part of Minoans on Cete

Trojan War

War between early Greeks and the people of troy, Trojan horse use 1

polis

city state

acropolis

highest, most important place for buildings

citizen

a legally recognized subject of a state or commonwealth

monarchy

government where a hereditary monarch was the sovereign of Greece

aristocracy

government that places power in the hands of the Aristocrats

oligarchy

government that is ruled by business

phalanx

tactical formation conditioning of block heavily armed infantry

helot

slave under spartan

democracy

form of government where the people heave the authority to decide legislation

tyrant

a cruel and oppressive ruler

legislature

group of people that make laws

Spartan & Athenian

2 powerful city states located in greece. Sparta was war focus and they were known for making very powerful and fearless warrior while Athens was focused more on literature and thinking.

Solon’s reforms

Canceled existing debt, outlaws debt slavery, grants poor the right of appeal, allows citizen to get high jobs/offices

Greeks and their gods

Zeus, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, Hades

Olympics

Athletic competitions is honor of Hera and Zeus

alliance

formal agreement between 2 or more states for mutual support in case of war

direct democracy

citizen vote on every issue

stipend

payment to become politician (encourages people to become politicians)

jury

people who are supposed to hear testimonies and to render a impartial verdict

ostracism

exclusion from society or group

Persian war

Persia vs Greek city states that lasted 53 years, Athen and Sparta teamed up and won the war.

Pericles and Athen’s Golden Age

direct democracy , famous speech, jury to decide punishment, rebuilt Acropolis, made Athen into a cultural center

Marathon

26 mile run believed to be started by Pheidippides

Themistocles

decided to build boats instead of walls, He was ostracized

Philosophers

lover of wisdom, a person who offers views of theories on profound questions in ethics, logic and logic

logic

philosophers used it, used to find '“truth”

rhetoric

a way of speaking/expression

Socrates

Greek philosopher, created the Socratic method, founder of western philosopher, put on trail for “corrupting the youth”,

Plato

Greek philosopher, famous for his work in the Republic Government, a Student of Socrates, Fled Athen for 10 years after Socrates cast, suspicious of Athenian democracy

Aristotle

Student of Plato, also suspicious of Athenia democracy, founded formal logic, Set up the school “Lyceum”,

Greek Art

early art imitated rigid Egyptian poses, showed Greek views, later art emphasized natural poses

Parthenon

temple that was dedicated to the goddess Athena

Greek dramas

consisting of tragedies, comedy and satire

Thucydides

One of the greatest historians, author of History of the Peloponnesian War

Herodotus

Greek historians and geographers, he is known for searching evidence and questions everything

Assimilate

taking in/absorbing another culture. They adopted the customs

assassination

murder of public figure, King Philip II

heliocentric

states that the sun is the center of the solar system

Pythagoras

creates Pythagorean theory

Archimedes

Greek mathematician, invented the Archimedes screw and levers

Aristarchus

discovered that earth is heliocentric, used geometry to calculate the sizes and distances of the sun and the moon.

Euclid

father of geometry

Hippocrates

father of medicine, established the basics of clinical medicine

Philip of Macedon

built a powerful army, Won the battle of Chaeronea

Hellenistic Age

government, culture, arts, math, science, and technology

Stoic Philosophy

enduring hardship or pain without showing emotion