Neurology

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43 Terms

1

afferent

sensory information sent to posterior/dorsal roots

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2

efferent

motor information sent from the anterior root

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3

reflex arc

one way street within the spinal cord. not sent to the brain

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4

nerve injuries

compression or tension

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5

types of nerve trauma

invasive (laceration/puncture) noninvasive (repetitive motion) impingement

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6

order of symptoms in nerve root injury

  1. sensory loss

  2. motor loss

  3. reflex loss

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7

in case of nerve root injury

SPINE BOARD ASAP

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8

myotome

motor- muscle or group of muscles supplied by a specific spinal nerve

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9

dermatome

sensory - Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

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10

grading of dermatome test

hypoesthesia: diminished sensation hyperesthesia: increased sensation anesthesia: total loss paraesthesia: abnormal (tingling/numbness)

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11

how dermatomes are tested

sharp/dull discrimination 2-point discrimination light touch

*5 stimuli in 3 different regions of dermatome

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12

myotome grading

positive (not firing) negative (firing)

*nerve sends a signal or it doesn't

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13

types of myotome testing

Break testing (put patient in position and try to break them out of it (resistance)) manual resistance exercises

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14

C1

dermatome: no cutaneous myotome: neck flexion

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15

C2

dermatome: temple, forehead, occiput, FACE myotome: neck rotation

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16

C3

dermatome: back of neck and scalp myotome: lateral neck flexion (look to side)

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17

C4

dermatome: back/side of neck, clavicle and acromion myotome: shoulder elevation

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18

C5

dermatome: lower shoulder, radial arm myotome: shoulder abduction

axillary nerve

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19

C6

dermatome: radial forearm, scaphoid/thumb myotome: elbow flexion and wrist extension

Radial nerve

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20

C7

dermatome: central palm/dorsal - middle 3 fingers myotome: elbow extension or wrist flexion

median nerve

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21

C8

dermatome: ulnar side of hand and wrist myotome: finger flexion, ulnar deviation

ulnar nerve

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22

T1

dermatome: ulnar forearm and upper arm (elbow) myotome: finger abduction

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23

T2

dermatome: armpit, pectoral, and mid scap

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24

L1

dermatome: low abs, groin and buttock *DO NOT TEST

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25

L2

dermatome: low back and anterior thigh myotome: hip flexion

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26

L3

dermatome: medial thigh to knee myotome: knee extension

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27

L4

dermatome: medial lower leg to big toe myotome: dorsiflexion and inversion

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28

L5

dermatome: lateral leg, toes and sole of foot myotome: great toe extension

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29

L5/S1 myotome

planar flexion

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30

S1/S2 myotome

plantar flexion and eversion

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31

S1

dermatome: posterior low leg, heel, and pinky toe myotome: plantar flexion

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32

S2

dermatome: posterior leg to gluteal fold myotome: knee flexion

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33

S3

dermatome: central glute area *DO NOT TEST

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34

S4

dermatome: saddle area myotome: genitals/bladder *DO NOT TEST

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35

L2, L3, L4 Reflex

Patellar Tendon

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36

S1 and S2 Reflex

Achilles Tendon

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37

C5 Reflex

Biceps Tendon

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38

C6 Reflex

brachioradialis

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39

C7 Reflex

triceps tendon

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40

Reflex Grading

0 = none 1+ = hyporeflexia 2+ = normal 3+ = hyperreflexia 4+ = hyperreflexia w/ clonus

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41

Jendrassik maneuver

technique to distract patient to better relax LE reflex = hook fingers and pull apart UE reflex = cross ankle and pull apart

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42

Break Testing Grading

Positive = muscle didn't fire Negative = muscle fired

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43

Pathological Reflex

sign of stroke or heart attack

Babinski's Oppenheim's Hoffman's

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