Pt care final (definitions)

thrombosis

is a formation of a blood clot

Adnexa

the areas located posterior to the broad ligaments adjacent to the uterus

Valsalva maneuver

is the maneuver that requires the patient to forcibly exhale while keeping the mouth and nose closed; it is used in many sonographic specialties for vascular assessment

Anastomoses

surgical connections between two structures; singular form is anastomosis

Murphy sign

is a sonographic sign of pain with probe pressure over the gallbladder often used to assess for cholecystitis

Chorionicity

the number of placentas

Ankle-brachial index

is a test used to evaluate for peripheral artery disease that establishes a ratio of the blood pressure in the lower legs to the blood pressure in the arms

Hyperemia

increased blood flow to an organ or area

Amnionicity

is the number of amniotic sacs

Hypercalcemia

elevated serum calcium

Torsion

means twisting

Native organs

the organs with which one is born

Bifurcation

is the splitting of a vessel into two

Parenchyma

the functional tissue of an organ

active listening

is listening that includes maintaining eye contact, nodding and positioning oneself at the persons level

bias

is our tendency to believe that certain people, ideas and beliefs are better than others

communication

is the exchange of thoughts ideas and information

cultural awareness

an understanding of one’s own culture and the acknowledgement of the cultural differences of others

cultural proficiency

the integration of cultural knowledge in practice and the application of that knowledge consistently in patient care

culture

shared beliefs, values and behavioral characteristics that provide social structure for a group of people

ethnicity

a group of people that share a common history or origin

grief

a normal human response to a loss

prejudice

the formation of an opinion or judgement of someone that is unfounded

proxemics

physical distance between people when they communicate including personal space and posture

race

a related population of people with similar skin color, body structure, hair color and texture, and facial appearance

stereotyping

forming a belief that is unfair about a group of people with similar characteristics

verbal communication

spoken communication

Amniocentesis

is a surgical procedure in which amniotic fluid is extracted for genetic testing or removed when there is an accumulation of excessive amniotic fluid

Ascites

is a collection of abdominal fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Colostomy

is a surgical opening in the abdomen that allows the colon to empty into an attached bag

Fenestrated drape

is a sterile drape with an opening that is placed over the sterile surgical site

Ileostomy

is a surgical opening in the abdomen that allows the ileum to empty into an attached bag

Invasive procedures

is a medical procedures that involve penetration of body tissues

Needle guide

is a sterile device placed on the transducer to aid in needle placement during an invasive procedure

Paracentesis

is an invasive procedure that uses a needle to drain abdominal fluid for either diagnostic or therapeutic reasons

Pericardiocentesis

is a surgical procedure that utilizes a needle and a catheter to drain fluid around the heart

Pleural effusion

is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

Prothrombin time

is a blood test that measures the time it takes for the liquid portion (plasma) of the blood to clot

Sharps container

is a specified container in which to place sharp objects, like needles, in order to prevent needle sticks

Skin preparation

is a procedure to remove microorganisms by mechanical and chemical means to reduce the likelihood of infection

Sterile

is free from living germs and microorganisms

Sterile field

is a special area that is free of microorganisms

Sterile gel

is ultrasound gel that is pre-packed and considered free of microorganisms

Sterile gloves

are gloves that are pre-packed and free of microorganisms

Surgical asepsis

is the complete removal of microorganisms and their spores from the surface of an object

Surgical hand antisepsis

is the complete removal of microorganisms from the hands and arms

thoracentesis

is an invasive procedure that uses a needle to drain fluid from the pleural cavity for either diagnostic or therapeutic reasons

Amniocentesis, paracentesis, thoracentesis, pericardiocentesis

List four examples of invasive procedures that would require a sterile technique

Blood borne Pathogen

is a disease-causing microorganism that is contained within the human blood

Clinically Silent

are no apparent signs or symptoms resulting from a disease or disorder; asymptomatic

droplet precautions

are precautions that block the spread of pathogens within moist droplets larger than 5 micrometers

epidemic

is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of individuals

flora

are normal or pathological bacteria or fungi found within or on an organ

hemoptysis

is coughing up blood

jaundice

is the yellowing of the skin and whites (sclera) of the eyes

N95 respirator

is a respirator that can be worn to avoid contracting airborne pathogens such as tuberculosis

nosocomial infections

are hospital-acquired infections

pandemic

is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread to a large human population across a large region of the world

pathogens

are disease-causing organisms

personal protective equipment

are items that are worn by healthcare professionals to protect them from exposure or contact with infectious agents

reservoir

is a human or animal, plant, water, food, or any combination of organic material that can support the growth of a pathogen

sanitization

is the lowest level of infection control that includes the use of soap or detergent, warm water, and manual friction

standard precautions

are measures for reducing the risk of microorganism transmission from both recognized and unrecognized sources

sterilization

is the complete destruction of microorganisms, including spores, on inanimate objects

susceptible host

is a person whose body cannot repel the pathogen

vector

is a contaminated object such as insects, food and water, drinking glasses, computer keyboards, infected medical equipment,etc.

viral hepatitis

is inflammation of the cells of the liver due to a viral infection

viruses

are the smallest organisms known to cause disease to humans

List three PPEs

Gloves, masks, goggles

Anaphylactic shock

shock that is the result of an extreme allergic reaction

Cardiac arrest

the sudden cessation of the heart’s pumping function

Cerebrovascular accident

a stroke; the result of an obstruction or occlusion of a cerebral artery within the brain, leading to hemorrhage either into the brain parenchyma or around the brain

Diabetes mellitus

a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that results from either insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas or an inadequate utilization of insulin by the cells of the body

Do not resuscitate order

a physicians written order instructing healthcare workers not to perform life saving CPR

Dysphasia

difficulty swallowing

Emergency crash cart

an organized portable cart that contains necessary emergency equipment and medicines

Epilepsy

a disorder characterized by seizures

Gestational diabetes

diabetes associated with pregnancy

Heart attack

the loss of blood supply to a certain part of the heart

Hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

Neurogenic shock

type of shock often caused by dysfunction of the nervous system, typically following nervous system trauma and resulting in the loss of normal function

Pulmonary embolus

A blood clot or thrombus located within one of the pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary hypertension

high blood pressure within the pulmonary blood vessels

Respiratory arrest

the sudden cessation of breathing secondary to lung dysfunction

Seizures

alterations in consciousness that result from misfiring of neurons within the cerebral cortex

Shock

the body’s response to a pathologic condition such as illness, trauma, or severe physiologic or emotional stress

Syncope

fainting

Transient ischemic attack

stroke resulting from transient (temporary) ischemia (loss of blood supply) to the brain

Vasovagal reaction

a common cause of fainting brought on by involuntary stimulation of the vagus nerve resulting in decreased blood flow to the brain, lightheadedness, nausea, and possibly vomiting

Ambulatory

when referring to a patient, describes someone who is capable of walking about; not bedridden.

Antecubital fossa

a triangular region on the anterior aspect of the elbow where the brachial artery is located.

Aortic valve

heart valve located between the left ventricle and the aorta

Blood pressure

the amount of blood flow ejected from the left ventricle of the heart during systole and the amount of resistance the blood meets due to systemic vascular resistance.

Bradycardia

a slower than normal heart rate

Electrocardiogram

a graphic record of the electrical current as it progresses through the heart

Essential hypertension

high blood pressure with no known cause

Foley catheter

a urinary catheter that drains urine using a tube and is held in place by a balloon that is inflated inside of the urinary bladder.

Inpatients

patient that has been admitted to the hospital and typically stays overnight

Left atrium

the chamber of the heart that receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and then pumps it into the rt ventricle

Left ventricle

the chamber of the heart that receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta to be disseminated throughout the body