lesson 7Bacteria and Immunity Flashcards

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts about bacteria and immunity from the provided text.

What are the two main groups of milk bacteria?

Lactic acid bacteria and Coliform bacteria

What is the purpose of aseptic packaging in the UHT process?

To ensure the product is free of disease-causing microorganisms.

Define bioremediation.

A process that uses biological mechanisms to destroy, transform, or immobilize environmental contaminants.

What is a saprophyte?

An organism that obtains nutrients from dead or nonliving organic matter.

Name a bacterium proven to cause disease.

Bacillus anthracis

What toxin is produced by E. coli 0157:H7?

A dangerous poison that can cause severe illness, kidney failure, seizures, or strokes.

What is a toxin?

A poison produced in the body of a living organism that is harmful to other organisms.

What is a pathogen?

A disease-causing microorganism.

What is active immunity?

Lasting protection against an invading antigen through the manufacture of antibodies.

What is passive immunity?

Temporary protection against a particular disease by the direct introduction of antibodies.

What are antigens?

Any substance that causes the formation of antibodies.

What is the function of antibodies?

A protein that inactivates a foreign substance in the body by binding to its surface.

What is the role of macrophages?

A white blood cell that engulfs and destroys pathogens.

What are lymphocytes?

A white blood cell (plasma and memory cells) that can make antibodies when stimulated by antigens

Describe an antiseptic

A chemical that destroys or impedes the growth of disease-causing organisms without harming body cells

What is a disinfectant?

A strong chemical used to destroy or impede the growth of disease-causing organisms