Apush Vocab Period 1

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas (New World) and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages (Old World).

Conquistadors

Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)

Aztec

Native Tribe that lived in Mexico before Cortes claimed the land for Spain

Maya

Native American society living in Central America

Inca

Native American civilization that developed in what is now Peru

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in 1680; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to accommodate Natives after the revolt

Encomienda System

system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Natives or demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them skills.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Aztec Empire

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs 1521

St. Jean de Brebeuf

He was a missionary to the Hurons in America / Canada. Known for making a Huron bible to convert them into christianity.

Asiento System

System that took slaves to the New World to work for the Spanish (post encomienda system since Natives died and there was a Mestizos population / mixed Spanish-Natives).

Algonquin

Native Americans found living over a large area from the Atlantic coast, allied with France specifically in Beaver Wars.

Huron

Indian tribes that were helped by the French to defeat the Iroquois

Iroquois Confederacy

A matrilineal, powerful native group that lived in NY / Southern Canada area. Inspired portions of the Constitution.

Roanoke

Established in 1587 in NC. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh. All the settlers disappeared.

Valladolid Debate

The argument between Bartolome de Las Casas Vs Juan Gines de Sepulveda over treatment of Indians by the Spanish.

Baratolome de las Casas

Spanish priest who advocated for the rights of Native Americans

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

The Spanish scholar who argued that Indians were not fully human and thus enslaving them was acceptable.

New Laws of 1542

Bartolome de Las Casas convinced the King of Spain to institute these laws, which ended American Indian slavery, ended forced Indian labor, and began the process of ending the encomienda systems.