6️⃣ Chem 6: Fuels, Earth Science and Organic Basics
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14 Terms
Crude Oil
Finite mixture of many hydrocarbons; separated by fractional distillation
Hydrocarbon
Compound made of only hydrogen and carbon; non-renewable
Fractional Distillation
Separates crude oil into fractions based on boiling points
Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons; formula CnH2n+2
Alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons; formula CnH2n; contains double bond
Cracking
Breaks long-chain hydrocarbons into short-chain alkanes and alkenes
Gases in Atmosphere
78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Argon, 0.04% CO2
Early Oxygen Production
Produced by algae and plants; carbon locked in sedimentary rock
Greenhouse Gases
Absorb long-wave infrared radiation; trap heat (CO2, CH4, H2O)
Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
Human activity ↑ greenhouse gases → global warming
Complete Combustion
Fuel burns in sufficient oxygen → CO2 + H2O
Incomplete Combustion
Fuel burns in limited oxygen → CO (toxic) or C (soot)
Acid Rain Pollutants
Gases like SO2, NOx dissolve in rain → acid rain
Note 
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