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What are the four main layers of the Earth?
Earth has four layers: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
How is magma formed in the mantle?
High pressure causes parts of the mantle to melt, forming magma
How does magma reach the Earth's surface?
Magma rises through weaknesses in the Earth's crust
What happens when magma cools?
It forms igneous rock
How are igneous rocks formed?
From volcanic activity and cooling magma
What is magma made of?
A mixture of minerals
What happens as magma cools?
Crystals are formed that fit together like a jigsaw
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
Below the Earth's surface
How do intrusive rocks cool, and what does this cause?
They cool slowly, forming large crystals
Examples of intrusive igneous rocks
Granite, Pegmatite, Diorite, Gabbro
Where do extrusive igneous rocks form?
On the Earth's surface
How do extrusive rocks cool, and what does this cause?
They cool quickly, forming small crystals
Examples of extrusive igneous rocks
Andesite, Obsidian, Rhyolite
What is the texture of intrusive vs extrusive rocks?
Intrusive: coarse-grained; Extrusive: fine-grained
How do cooling times differ between intrusive and extrusive rocks?
Intrusive: cool slowly; Extrusive: cool quickly
What do intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks have in common?
Both form by the crystallisation of magma