Igneous Rocks

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16 Terms

1
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What are the four main layers of the Earth?

Earth has four layers: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

2
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How is magma formed in the mantle?

High pressure causes parts of the mantle to melt, forming magma

3
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How does magma reach the Earth's surface?

Magma rises through weaknesses in the Earth's crust

4
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What happens when magma cools?

It forms igneous rock

5
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How are igneous rocks formed?

From volcanic activity and cooling magma

6
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What is magma made of?

A mixture of minerals

7
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What happens as magma cools?

Crystals are formed that fit together like a jigsaw

8
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Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

Below the Earth's surface

9
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How do intrusive rocks cool, and what does this cause?

They cool slowly, forming large crystals

10
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Examples of intrusive igneous rocks

Granite, Pegmatite, Diorite, Gabbro

11
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Where do extrusive igneous rocks form?

On the Earth's surface

12
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How do extrusive rocks cool, and what does this cause?

They cool quickly, forming small crystals

13
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Examples of extrusive igneous rocks

Andesite, Obsidian, Rhyolite

14
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What is the texture of intrusive vs extrusive rocks?

Intrusive: coarse-grained; Extrusive: fine-grained

15
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How do cooling times differ between intrusive and extrusive rocks?

Intrusive: cool slowly; Extrusive: cool quickly

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What do intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks have in common?

Both form by the crystallisation of magma