ENTO 116 UNL Midterm Exam

Arthropods

(Artho = joint, poda = feet) bilateral symmetry, jointed appendages, exoskeleton, segmented body, specialized appendages

Arthropod (Phylum) Classes

Malacostraca, Arachnida, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Insecta

Class Malacostraca

2-3 body regions

2 pairs of antennae

5-7 pairs of legs

Orders: Decapoda, Isopoda

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Malacostraca, Order Decapoda

Crab, crayfish, lobster, shrimp

2 body regions

cephalothorax + abdomen

2 pairs of antennae

5 pairs of legs

marine habitat

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Malacostraca, Order Isopoda

3 body regions

-head, thorax, and abdomen

2 pairs of antennae

7 pairs of legs

terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Arachnida

Spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks

2 body regions

-cephalothorax + abdomen

NO ANTENNAE

4 pairs of legs

Terrestrial

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Arachnida, Order Araneae

Abdomen constricted at base

4 pairs of legs

Relatively large

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Arachnida, Order Acari

Abdomen broad at base

4 pairs of legs

relatively small

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Arachnida, Order Scorpiones

Abdomen with segmented stinger

4 pairs of legs

Pedipalps very large and claw-like

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Chilopoda

Centipedes

2 body regions

-head and trunk

1 pair of antennae

1 pair of legs per segment

terrestrial

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Diplopoda

Millipedes

2 body regions

-head and trunk

1 pair of antennae

2 pairs of legs per segment

terrestrial

Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta

3 body regions

-head, thorax, + abdomen

1 pair of antennae

3 pairs of legs

terrestrial, aquatic

Pterygote

winged or secondarily wingless

Apterygote

wingless

Antennal Structure: (3 Parts)

Flagellum, Pedicel, Scape

Chewing mouthparts

Mandible, Labrum (upper lip), Labium (lower lip), Maxillae

Abdominal appendages

Cerci +

Ovipositor

scaly wings

front and hind wings covered with flattened setae (scales)

Hemelytra

front wings that are leathery or parchment-like at the base and membranous near the tip

Halteres

Highly modified hind wings used for balance rather than flight

Elytra

a beetle's hardened forewings

leathery wings

Grasshoppers

Paleoptera

Lacking ability to flex wings over back at rest

Neoptera

able to flex wings over back at rest

Membranous wings

wings with thin, transparent, detailed network of visible veins - example: fly

Visionary Organs

Ocelli (simple eye) and compound eye

Leg parts

From base of body: coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia, tarsus

thorax is the base for

legs + wings

siphoning mouthpart

Labial palpus + proboscis (the thing that unravels)

sponging mouthpart

Rostrum, labium, labrum, labella

Class Insecta: Order Diptera

flies and mosquitoes

Class Insecta: Order Hymenoptera

ants, bees, wasps

Order Diptera: Family Culicidae

mosquitos; piercing-sucking mouthpart

Order Diptera: Family Tachinidae

Hairy bodies; tachinid flie

Order Diptera: Family Calliphoridae

Blow flies; metallic

Order Hymenoptera: Family Apidae

Honey bees/bumble bees

Order Hymenoptera: Family Formicidae

ants

Order Hymenoptera: Family Ichneumonidae

wasps; horsehead cell in wing

Order Hymenoptera: Family Sphecidae

digger wasps; collar

Order Hymenoptera: Family Vespidae

V shape on neck; wasps/hornets

Cerci

Antennae on the butt of an insect

ovipositor

egg-laying tubular structure at the end of the abdomen in many female insects

Order Coleoptera: Family Carabidae

bean-shaped lobe on 3rd pair of legs

Order: Coleoptera

Family: Curculionidae

Weevils; snout

Order Coleoptera: Family Chrysomelidae

Spotted/striped; leaf beetles

Order Coleoptera: Family Scarabaeidae

Hair on underside; scarab beetles

Order Coleoptera: Family Cerambycidae

Notched eyes; extra long antennae

Order Lepidoptera

Family Sphingidae

Sphinx moths

Order Lepidoptera

Family Papilionidae

Swallowtail butterflies

Order Lepidoptera

Family Pieridae

Bright/white/yellow/orange

Order Lepidoptera

Family Nymphalidae

Monarch butterflies

Order Lepidoptera

Family Noctuidae

Narrowed front wings; sometimes colorful underside wings