pharmcology 2/20/25 opioids

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

A class of drugs that relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever without the use of steroids.

SAIDs (Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

A class of anti-inflammatory drugs that includes corticosteroids, which are used to decrease inflammation in the body.

Acetaminophen

An analgesic and antipyretic medication; commonly known by the brand name Tylenol.

Aspirin

An NSAID that is known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet properties.

Analgesic

A class of drugs that relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness.

Opioids

A class of drugs that are used to treat moderate to severe pain by acting on the central nervous system.

Tolerance

A physiological condition where increased doses of a drug are needed to maintain the same level of analgesia.

Dependence

A physiological adaptation to a drug characterized by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use.

Euphoria

A feeling of intense happiness or excitement that can occur as a side effect of opioids.

Respiratory Depression

A serious side effect of opioid use where breathing becomes inadequate or stops.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Physical and psychological symptoms that occur when dependence on a drug is discontinued, including anxiety, irritability, and nausea.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters in the brain that inhibit pain and can promote feelings of euphoria.

Gate Theory of Pain Transmission

A theory suggesting that non-painful input closes the 'gates' to painful input, preventing pain sensation from traveling to the central nervous system.

Acute Pain

Sudden pain that typically subsides once treated.

Chronic Pain

Persistent pain that lasts beyond the usual recovery period and often interferes with daily activities.

Somatic Pain

Pain that originates from skin, muscles, and joints.

Visceral Pain

Pain that arises from internal organs.

Neuropathic Pain

Pain caused by damage to the nervous system.

Naloxone

An opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose, especially respiratory depression.