Authoritarianism and Rise of Hitler & Mao

Paper 2 Vocab Terms

Century of Humiliation

A term used to describe the period of subjugation and exploitation of China by foreign powers from the mid-19th century until the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, which contributed to nationalist sentiments.

Chinese Civil War

A conflict between the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) and the Communist Party of China from 1927 to 1949, culminating in the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

Cult of Personality

A political phenomenon where a leader uses mass media, propaganda, and rhetoric to create an idealized and heroic image of themselves, often at the expense of criticism and dissent.

Cultural Revolution

A sociopolitical movement initiated by Mao Zedong in China from 1966 to 1976 aimed at preserving communist ideology by removing capitalist elements and traditional culture, which resulted in significant social upheaval.

Economic divisions in China

led to social unrest and contributed to the rise of Mao's Cultural Revolution in 1966, as Mao sought to reassert control and address class struggles.

Fall of the Qing Dynasty

The collapse of the last imperial dynasty of China in 1912, resulting from internal strife, social unrest, and influences from foreign powers, which led to the establishment of the Republic of China.

Four Olds

refers to old customs, culture, habits, and ideas that the Cultural Revolution sought to eliminate in China.

Great Leap Forward

an economic and social campaign initiated by Mao Zedong from 1958 to 1962, aimed at rapidly transforming China into a socialist society through collectivization and industrialization, but resulted in widespread famine and economic disaster.

Industrialization in China

A campaign initiated by Mao Zedong from 1958 to 1962 aimed at rapidly transforming China from an agrarian society into an industrialized communist society, resulting in widespread famine and economic disaster.

Japanese Invasion of China

refers to the military conflict initiated by Japan in 1937, which led to widespread suffering, destruction, and played a significant role in China's response to external aggression.

Long March

A strategic retreat undertaken by the Chinese Communist Party in 1934-1935 to evade the Nationalist forces, covering approximately 6,000 miles across difficult terrain. Around 100,000 people marched at the beginning, but only 7-8,000 survived by the end of it.

Maoist Beliefs

A set of political and economic theories promoted by Mao Zedong, emphasizing agrarian socialism, anti-imperialism, and the importance of peasant-led revolution.

Policies towards Women

refers to Mao Zedong's initiatives to promote women's rights, including legal reforms and participation in labor, aimed at improving gender equality in China.