Ornithology Test # 1

Birds belong to the domain animalia

False

Birds belong to the class aves

True

Penguins have feathers

True

Color morphs are examples of different races

False

How many species of birds are there?

Somewhere between 10,000 and 12,000

The pileated woodpecker belongs to the order (written)

Piciformes

The ring-billed gull belongs to the order (written)

Charadriiformes

The black-capped chickadee belongs to the order (written)

Passeriformes

State Bergmann’s rule (Written)

Larger-bodied animals are found in colder regions, and smaller-bodied animals are found in warmer regions. Rule is implied to endothermic

Suppose you find two molted primary feathers on the ground that came from the same bird. One of the primaries is primary #2 and one is primary #8. Which primary is the more symmetrical primary? Which one is molted first

More symmetrical primary is # 2

Suppose you find two molted primary feathers on the ground that came from the same bird. One of the primaries is primary #2 and one is primary #8. Which primary is the more symmetrical primary? Which one is molted first

Primary molted first is #2

The feather above is

Plumulaceous

The feather above is an example of a (blank) feather

Down

The type of feather shown above is particularly abundant in which order of birds?

Anseriformes

Remiges are found on a birds

Wing

Rectrices are found on a bird’s

Tail

Bristles are most commonly found on a birds

Face

Filoplumes serve what major function for birds (written)

Sensory feathers in birds. monitors the position and movement of their other feathers

Feathers are made from the protein

Beta-Keratin

Which class of pigments is used by birds to produce colors such as black, gray, buff, and rust?

Melanin

Which class of pigments is taken via the diet and potentially modified chemically thereafter

Carotenoids

Match each chemical name with the appropriate pigment class

Turacoverdin = porphyrin

Match each chemical name with the appropriate pigment class

Benzothiazine = melanin

Match each chemical name with the appropriate pigment class

B-carotene = carotenoid

what kind of drag is diminished as a bird’s velocity increases

Profile and Induced drag

List three features of a birds anatomy that aids the bird in weight-reduction

Pneumatic Bones

Extensive Skeletal Fusions

lack of teeth in the Skull

Moving horizontally without flapping is called

Gliding

How is the elliptical wing ideally suited for the lifestyle of a woodland bird

Excellent maneuverability, allows for quick takeoffs and short burst of speed, agility and control

Mathematically defying, the terms wing loading and aspect ratio

aspect ratio is the wingspan divided by average width

Wing loading is the ratio of body weight to wing area wing loading is a measure of how much load each unit area of wing must carry when a bird is in flight

Discuss the features of a birds circulatory system that makes it optimized for oxygen absorption/circulation

Four-chambered hearts = Heart pushes more blood per stroke than a mammal heart

Rapid Heart rates during flight

Higher blood pressure than mammals (empties more than a mamma heart)

A resting house finch is likely to have a heart rate of around (blank) per minute

350

A bird must breathe in and out three times for a single sample of air to cycle through the birds respiratory system

false

The major of gas exchange takes place when a bird breathes out

True

Gas exchange in bird respiration takes place in the

Parabronchi

Which bird has the higher metabolic rate in L O2/Kg • day?

Chickadee

The average body temperature for an active bird during the daytime

39-43

Severe temperature drops at night are commonly seen among (blank) birds and helped to prevent (blank)

Small, starvation

Birds rid their bodies of nitrogenous waste via the compound

Uric acid

When exercising strenuously, a bird BMR may be multiplied

10

Roughly, how many hours can a warbler go without food?

1-3 days

Bird flight that is extremely undulating (up and down) is characteristics of

Intermittent flapping and bounding

According to the optimal foraging theory, birds will seek to maximize

The energy obtained per search time

Give three scenarios where a bird is likely to abandon optimal foraging (written)

Competition

Predators

To much searching

Chemical digestion takes place in what organ in a bird (written)

Proventriculus

Small intestines are longest in birds that specialize in eating

Seeds

Most mature female birds have one ovary

True

An expanded region of the esophagus used for temporary storage of large quantities of food is called the

The crop

What are the major differences between pre-basic molt and pre-alternate molt

Pre basic = lose all feathers

pre alternate = lose only some not all

What is a fundamental difference between albinism and leucism

Albinism is the lack of melanin over their bodies

Leucism is the lack of melanin in some feathers

What are the major differences between a pre-basic molt and a pre alternate molt

Pre-basic is the replacement of all the feathers

pre-alternative is the replacement of some and rarely all of their feathers

Prejuvenal molts are always

Complete

Describe how a bird can have only molt per year and still have distinct summer and winter plumage. give an example of a bird that does this

single molt after the breeding season, (late summer), the bird molts and grows a set of fresh and brightly colored patterned feathers. The winter plumage is called basic plumage