Branches of Government Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to the legislative and executive branches of the government, as well as important concepts regarding elections, powers, and notable court cases.

House of Representatives

The lower chamber of Congress, intended to represent the common people, with a term length of 2 years and 435 members.

Senate

The upper chamber of Congress that represents the states, with a term length of 6 years and 100 members.

17th Amendment

Established the direct, popular election of senators.

Lame Duck Session

The period between Election Day and the end of the year, during which elected officials who have not been reelected continue to serve.

Enumerated Powers

Specific powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, such as coin money, tax, and declare war.

Implied Powers

Powers not specifically listed in the Constitution but are considered necessary for executing the enumerated powers.

Necessary and Proper Clause

Also known as the Elastic Clause, it allows Congress to make laws needed to carry out its enumerated powers.

Power of the Purse

The ability of Congress to regulate government spending and taxation.

Gerrymandering

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor one party or class.

Filibuster

A tactic used in the Senate to delay or prevent a vote on a bill, often involving prolonged debate.

Pocket Veto

An indirect veto by the President, which occurs if Congress adjourns during the 10-day period after a bill is presented without the President signing it.

Incumbency Advantage

The advantages that current officeholders have over challengers during elections, including name recognition and fundraising capabilities.

Baker v. Carr

The Supreme Court case that established the principle of 'one person, one vote' and allowed federal courts to rule on legislative redistricting issues.

Chief Executive

One of the seven roles of the President, responsible for enforcing laws and managing the executive branch.

Line Item Veto

The power to reject individual provisions of a bill; not available to the US President.

War Powers Resolution

Legislation aimed at limiting the President's ability to engage in military action without congressional approval.

Veto

The formal rejection of a bill by the President, which requires a two-thirds congressional majority to override.

Executive Order

A directive issued by the President that manages the operations of the federal government.

Primary Elections

Elections that determine the candidates from each political party who will run in the general election.

Chief of Staff

The head of the White House staff, responsible for managing the President's schedule and communications.

Press Secretary

The spokesperson for the President, responsible for communicating with the media.

Crisis Manager

One of the roles of the President, responsible for addressing national emergencies and disasters.