BOTANY - Modification of Stem

Morphology of Flowering Plant

Underground

Rhizome

Tubers

Corm

Bulb

Sub Aerial

Runners

Stolons

Suckers

Offsets

Aerial

Throns

Tendrils

Cladode

Phylloclade

Rhizome

(**)

Ginger, Banana and Turmeric

*Grow parallel or horizontal

Tubers

(**)

Potato and Artichoke

**Swollen own account of accumulation of food material / Bears ARs afterwards

Corm

(**)

Colocasia, Crocus, Colchicum, Amorphophallus

**Lateral buds / Scales (sheathing)

Bulb

(**)

ST - Onion, CT - Garlic, SB - Lily

**Disc shaped / Upper side is surrounded by concentric leaves / May be sheathed

Covered - Tunicale

Not covered - Scaly

Runners

(**)

Oxalis, Grass and Strawberries

**Formation with death of an older plant

Stolons

(**)

Dracaena, Jasmine and Peppermint

**Slender lateral branches / Growing aerially the reaches ground forming new plant

Sucker

(**)

Chrysanthemum, Pineapple and Banana

**Slender lateral branches / Growing underground forming new plant net to it

Offset

(**)

Eichhornia ( wenTater hyacinth ) and Pistia

**Lateral Branches / AUATIC PLANTS / rosette

Tendril

(**)

Grape, Gaurds ( WM, cucumber, pumpkin )

**Coils at nodes

Thorns

(**)

Citrus, Duranta, Pomegranate, Bougainvillea

**Leaves loose ability to grow / at nodes / PROTECTIONS

Cladode

(**)

Asparagus and Ruscus

**Long stem with no internode / at node / reduced leaves forming spine or scales

Phylloclade

(**)

Flattened - Opurtia

Cylindrical - Euphorbia

+ Coccoloba

**Spiny leaves