Medical Term: Chapter 9 (Urinary System)

A set of flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to urinary medical terminology.

-cele

hernia, tumor, swelling

cyst/o

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

dia-

through, between, apart, complete

glomerul/o

glomerulus

hydr/o

water

lith/o

stone, calculus

-lysis

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

nephr/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

-tripsy

to crush

ur/o

urine, urinary tract

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

-uria

urination, urine

vesic/o

urinary bladder

ablation

the term used to describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer involving removal or function destruction.

acute renal failure

sudden onset of kidney failure due to inadequate blood supply.

anuria

absence of urine formation by the kidneys.

benign prostatic hyperplasia

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, especially in men over 50.

chronic kidney disease

progressive loss of renal function over time.

cystitis

inflammation of the bladder.

cystocele

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall.

cystolith

a stone located within the urinary bladder.

cystoscopy

visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.

dialysis

procedure to remove waste products from blood in patients whose kidneys no longer function.

diuresis

increased output of urine.

dysuria

difficult or painful urination.

ectopic kidney

congenital condition with an abnormally positioned or fused kidney.

edema

swelling from excessive fluid accumulation symptomatic of kidney disease.

end-stage renal disease

final stage of chronic kidney disease.

epispadias

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening.

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves.

glomerulonephritis

nephritis caused by glomeruli inflammation leading to blood and protein in urine.

hemodialysis

process by which waste products are filtered from the patient’s blood.

hydronephrosis

dilation of one or both kidneys.

hydroureter

distention of the ureter due to obstruction.

hyperproteinuria

high concentrations of protein in urine.

hypoproteinemia

low concentrations of protein in blood.

hypospadias

congenital abnormality of the urethral opening in males or females.

incontinence

inability to control urine or feces excretion.

interstitial cystitis

inflammation of the bladder.

intravenous pyelogram

x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

nephrolith

a stone located in the kidney.

nephrolithiasis

presence of stones in the kidney.

nephrolysis

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

nephrons

the functional units of each kidney.

nephropathy

any disease of the kidney.

nephrostomy

placement of a catheter maintaining an opening from the kidney to the body exterior.

nephrotic syndrome

conditions with excessive protein loss in urine.

neurogenic bladder

urinary issue due to nerve pathway interference.

nocturia

frequent urination at night.

nocturnal enuresis

urinary incontinence during sleep.

oliguria

scanty urination.

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

surgical removal of kidney stones through back incision.

peritoneal dialysis

dialysis where peritoneal lining filters blood waste.

polycystic kidney disease

genetic disorder with numerous fluid-filled cysts in kidneys.

polyuria

excessive urination.

prostatism

disorder from urinary obstruction due to prostate enlargement.

pyelonephritis

inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney.

pyelotomy

surgical incision into renal pelvis.

renal colic

acute kidney pain caused by kidney stone blockage.

suprapubic catheterization

placing urinary catheter through abdominal incision into bladder.

transurethral prostatectomy

removal of excess prostate tissue using resectoscope.

uremia

toxic condition from renal failure retaining waste in blood.

ureterolith

stone located anywhere along the ureter.

ureterorrhagia

discharge of blood from the ureter.

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra.

urethroplasty

surgical repair of urethra damage.

urethrorrhagia

bleeding from the urethra.

urethrostenosis

narrowing of the urethra.

urethrotomy

surgical incision into the urethra.

urinary catheterization

insertion of a catheter into bladder to withdraw urine.

vesicovaginal fistula

abnormal opening between bladder and vagina.

voiding cystourethrography

diagnostic procedure examining urine flow from bladder.

Wilms tumor

rare malignant kidney tumor occurring in young children.