The nucleus and the cell division

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Nitrogenous base

A molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes genetic information in cells.

Chromosomes

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

DNA structure

DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine

Antiparallel

The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix.

Sugar-phosphate backbone

The alternating chain of sugar and phosphate to which the DNA and RNA nitrogenous bases are attached

Complimentary base pairing rule

A-T

C-G

Nucleotides

Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and one of 4 DNA bases

Triplet code

3 bases of DNA that code for a single amino acid

Centromere

Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

DNA replication

The process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of itself.

Semi-conservative replication

Each half of an original DNA molecule serves as a template for a new strand, and the two new DNA molecules each have one old and one new strand.

Okazaki fragments

Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication, joined later by DNA ligase to form a complete strand.

DNA enzymes

Helicase, RNA Primase, DNA Polymerase, DNA Ligase