MU2313-Exam One Test Prep (Texas State)

Who was the direct link between the royal family line and the creator sun god?

The Egyptian Pharoh

Who sacked Byzantium in 1204?

Crusaders attacked Constantinople (the capital of the Byzantine Empire). Because Constantinople was a major hub for Christianity, the Crusaders decision to attack was very controversial and wounded the relationship between the Catholic and Orthodox churches.

Describe three things about Tutankhamen's Father.

King Akhenaten was the first monotheistic Pharaoh.

What figure towers above Rome, depicting epic triumph?

The Trajan's Column commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.

Describe who influenced Roman art.

The Greeks heavily influenced Roman art. The Romans were commonly carved free standing statues and reliefs that imitated Greek art.

What is classical contrapposto? What sculpture first employed this?

Contrapposto: an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs.

The first known statue to use contrapposto (male) is Kritios Boy, c. 480 BC

What are decorative works for walls, floors, etc. composed of pieces of colored material set in plaster or cement?

Mosaic

Material that is solid and continuous is classified as what?

Monolithic

When figurines transitioned to statues, what did this indicate socially and culturally?

Ancient Egypt, they were no longer nomadic

What is another name for the "Ten Commandments"?

Decalogue

11. Describe the hydraulous. What happened to the hydraulous?

The first organ, played by pumping water through it. The hydraulous was used in the Roman Colosseum when someone was killed, therefore the organ was banned from churches for many years.

Roman architecture shows influences from what culture?

The Roman architecture was highly influenced by the Greeks.

What palace had so many rooms that Greek myth called it the "labyrinth of the Minotaur"?

Palace of Knosses or Palace of Minoas

What kinds of Greek Sculptures had stern faces? What did they represent?

Greek Classical, self control

What is the technique of painting on wet plaster?

Fresco

What represents the first major example of Islamic architecture?

Dome of the Rock

What genre of literature grew out of monasticism (monkhood)?

Mystical

Describe Riace Bronzes

The Riace Bronzes had exaggerated features and exemplified the Greeks love of exaggeration of desirable human features.

What was found submerged off the coast of Italy?

Riace Warrior

What defines the beginning of Greek Classical sculpture?

Kritios boy

What did the lamb symbolize in Roman art?

benevolence (well meaning/ kindness)

The physical material of the work, such as oil paint, is called what?

mediums or media

Realistic wall paintings that allude space are known as what?

Trompe O'lie

Where was the classical tradition best preserved during medieval times?

Constantinople (Capitol of the Byzantine empire)

Describe the Parthenon

A magnificent temple on the Acropolis of Athens, known as the Parthenon, was built between 447 and 432 BCE in the Age of Pericles, and it was dedicated to the city's patron deity Athena

Describe Athenian pottery. What are the different types?

Red and Black

Black: crated by removing all but the figures

Red: created by removing the figures but not the negative space

What is significant about the Hagia Sophia?

Largest dome

What did later Greeks call the stones used to construct Mycenaean fortresses?

Cyclopian, only cyclopes could move them

Describe the structure of the Classical Greek Temple

post and lintel

What kind of sculptures projects from a background and cannot be seen from all sides?

Relief

The assertion of the existence of one god is called what?

Monotheism

What was the earliest Christian symbol.

Chi-Rho monogram

c.340 C.E.

What word is known to mean, "love of wisdom?"

Philosophy

What term describes the darkness or lightness of a color?

value

What order is known for scroll like capitals?

ionic

List some of the most notable architects of the 20th century.

Frank Lloyd Wright

What approach to art is characterized by individuality, virtuosity, and emotion?

Hellenistic style

39. What consists of paintings, drawings, prints, and photographs?

2 dimensional art

Name examples of Mycenaean architecture.

The lion gate

What refers to the distance and three-dimensionality on a two-dimensional surface?

perspective

Who demanded the removal of icons from Orthodox Churches? Why?

the iconoclast, because they believed it was worshiping the icon

What is a riddle that is composed of symbols?

Rebus

What branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty and art and their relation to human beings?

aesthetics

What type of building is the Colosseum?

amphitheater

What term is know to mean, "all the gods?"

pantheon

What is a form, image, subject that stands for something else?

symbol

What is one of the oldest architectural structures?

post and lintel

What style has figures that exhibit a stiff, frontal pose in three-dimensional art?

Archaic

Art made for the rituals of death is know as what?

funerary art

What is the effect that creates a "purging" of emotions? Who believed in this effect?

Catharsis

Much surviving Greek art is a copy. Who copied it?

the Romans

53. What is the major art form of Egyptians?

the

During the sack of Constantinople, art was taken by Venetians. What did this become

the inspiration for?

The Renaissance

55. What early civilization was centered on trade?

Minoan

56. What were the Mycenaeans paid with?

57. What is another word for halo?

nimbus

58. Pyramids are what of scale?

59. Why is there very few Jewish sculptures or paintings?

graven images

60. What is an important type of Roman sculpture that is a stone coffin?

Sarcophagi

Who famously stated, "we have learned nothing," after seeing the European cave art?

What does this mean?

Picasso

62. What explains the artistic proportions that lasted 3,000 years? Where?

A grid was discovered in an unfinished Egyptian painting.

63. What refers to the basic colors of the spectrum, such as red?

hue

64. What is the Sumerian writing system? Describe it?

Cuneiform. Consists of wedge marks pressed into damp clay

What term refers to the arrangement of body parts in a sculpture that has the weight

bearing leg apart form the free leg? What effect does this create?

______________________________________________________________

Contraposto; relaxed and realistic look

66. What can be characterized by columns employing an elaborate leaf motif in the capital?

sculpture

67. Hellenistic architecture is sought to produce what?

corinthian order

68. What fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze?

Metope

69. Balanced achieved by using unequal shapes is know as what?

Asymmetry

. What is a free0 standing sculpture of a nude male youth, prior to contrapposto,

referred to as?

Kouros

. What served as underground cemeteries for Roman Christians? ______________________________________________________

catacombs

72. What was originally a Roman law building? What did Christians later use them for?

Basilica, churches

73. Classicism is a style of art relying on what?

classicism

74. The Temple of Athena Nike was the first temple demonstrating what?

ionic order

75. What is a common technique used with oil paintings to create texture?

impasto

76. What is the circular building in Rome with a portico of large granite Corinthian Columns?

the Pantheon

77. What is the most significant "Roman style" development?

Arches

78. What is the greatest Greek temple, and the prototypes of all classical buildings since?

Parthenon

The most significant "Roman style" architectural development is what?

arch

What is known as the greatest Greek temple that serves as a prototype of all

classical buildings since?

Parthenon

What style of art relies upon the fundamentals of simplicity, clarity of structure, and appeal to the intellect?

classicism

What fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric Frieze?

Metope

What was Minoan civilization centered around?

The Palaces of Knossos (the labyrinth)

What do columns with scroll-like capitals and circular bases characterize?

ionic order

What term describes the greyness of whiteness of a color?

Value

Realistic wall paintings that allude space are known as what?

llusionistic Style

name the controversial artwork that used a recycled taxidermy

Sore by Angela Singer (2003)

name the controversial artwork: the skull covered in diamonds

For the Love of God by Damien Hirst

name the controversial artwork: chocolate jesus

My Sweet Lord by Cosimo Cavallaro

name the controversial artwork: Jesus submerged in pee

Piss Christ by Andres Serrano

The Clinic of Dr. Gross

Thomas Eakins 1875

Madame X

John Sargent 1884

View from Wheatfields

Van Gogh 1888

Dionysius

Barnett Newman 1944

Calling of St. Matthew

Caravaggio, 1599-1600

Judith Slaying Holofernes

Gentileschi, 1620

Jean-Honore Fragonard

The Brothers 1761 (Rococo style)

Cold Mountain 2

Brice Marden (1989-1991)

Lavender Mist

Jackson Pollock (1950)

Red, White, and Blue

Georgia O' Keefe (1931)

Biomorphic

Biomorphism models artistic design elements on naturally occurring patterns or shapes reminiscent of nature and living organisms