Bio intro to mendelian genetics

Genetics

Study of heredity

Heredity

the characteristics that are passed down from parent to offspring

Gregor Mendel

First man to study the patterns of inheritance, specifically in pea plants.

Mendel's studies

Crossed monohybrid genes to see the distribution of genes from parent to offspring, observable by the characteristics

True-bred

Homozygous alleles

Homozygous recessive

aa (both alleles are recessive)

Homozygous dominant

AA (both alleles are dominant)

Heterozygous

Aa (one allele is dominant, one allele is recessive, ends up showing the dominant phenotype

P generation

The generation that is consisting of two true-bred individuals

F1 generation

the first filial generation; offspring of the P generation

F2 generation

the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation

Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism (Aa, AA, aa)

Phenotype

Physical appearance of an organism that is decided by the genotype (purple, white, terminal position, axial position)

Mendel's Law of Segregation

When gametes are formed, they will receive one allele (A, a)

Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment

When two or more pairs of alleles separate, they create at least four different combinations

Test cross

Process of determining whether an individual's genotype is homozygous dominant or heterozygous