Microbiology - Prokaryotic Anatomy

Prokaryotic Cells

Coccus

Berry looking

Bacillus

Rods

Spirilla

Spiral

Vibrios

tails!

Pleomorphic

Abnormal cells

Clusters

Staphylococcus

many

Diplococcus

Pairs

Streptococcus

Chains

Tetrads

What are prokaryotic membranes called

Cytoplasmic membranes; homeostasis and make ATP

Capsule

Dense/organized glycocalyx

Is prokaryotic G+ or G-

gram positive (thick wall w/peptidoglycan and teichoic acids)

Thin cell wall w/LITTLE peptidoglycan/repels water/toxic effect/outer membrane called lipopolysaccharide

Gram Negative

Prokaryotes don’t have nucleus, but ____

nucleoid

What do prokaryotes’ granules do?

Store glycogen/iron

Cranberry juice helps w/bladder infection

TRUE

What is secondary source of DNA for

Plasmid, not needed for life

Some bacteria have _____ to help transfer plasmid to another bacteria

sex pilus

What are prokaryotic cells surrounded by

Glycocalyx (sugar coat)

Slime layer

Diffused/unorganized glycocalyx

Capsule purpose

Resist phagocytosis; aka encapsulated, as it can be dangerous

Biofilm

Slime layers overlap → work together.

Biofilm example

Dental plaque

Archaea characteristics

Non-pathogenic/has pseudopeptidoglycan/extremophiles (handle extreme conditions)

Alkalophile

Live in very alkaline pH

Picrophiles

Live very cold temps

Halophiles

Live very salty conditions

Methanogens

produce methane from carbon dioxide/hydrogen

What ribosomes?

70s