DAT Integumentary System Study Guide - Key Terms & Definitions

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

1. stratum corneum

2. stratum lucidum

3. stratum granulosum

4. stratum spinosum

5. stratum basale

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Outermost hydrophobic layer

corneum

3 multiple choice options

Only present in palms of hands & soles of feet

lucidum

3 multiple choice options

Skin cells lose organelles here, begin dying, and are filled with keratin

granulosum

3 multiple choice options

Provides skin strength/flexibility

Held together by desmosomes

spinosum

3 multiple choice options

Deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are formed

basale

3 multiple choice options

Which layer of the skin is avascular?

epidermis

which layer of skin is highly vascularized?

dermis

what are the 2 individual layers of the dermis

1. Papillary Region

2. Reticular Region

Vascular network within upward projecting papillae

papillary region

2 multiple choice options

what do papillae do?

supply nutrients to epidermis and regulate temperature

Papillae contain ____ _____ which are sensory touch receptors

Meisner's corpuscles

Region with dense connective tissue, collagen & elastic fibers; packed with glands, sweat gland ducts, fat, and hair follicles

reticular region

2 multiple choice options

Consists of areolar & adipose tissue

Contains pressure sensing nerve ending & passage for blood vessels

hypodermis region

2 multiple choice options

what is the function of the hypodermis region

fat storage, heat insulation, shock absorption

what are the 4 epidermal cells?

keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, langerhans cells

Transfers skin pigment melanin to keratinocytes

melanocytes

3 multiple choice options

Attach to sensory neurons and functions in touch sensations

merkel cells

3 multiple choice options

Produce keratin

Help waterproof

keratinocytes

3 multiple choice options

Interact with immune cells

langerhans cells

3 multiple choice options

What are the 6 functions of the skin?

1. thermoregulation

2. environmental sensory input

3. vitamin D synthesis

4. protection

5. immunity

6. excretion

how does the skin aid in thermoregulation?

Capillaries dilate to release heat & constrict to preserve heat

Sweat releases onto skin and evaporates to cool us down

What are goosebumps?

occurs when cold, elevates hairs to trap heat

how is the skin able to synthesize vitamin D

UV radiation activates skin molecules

what are the 2 kinds of sweat glands?

eccrine and apocrine

Opens directly to skin

located on majority of the skin.

Regulates temperature through perspiration and urea elimination

eccrine glands

2 multiple choice options

Opens to hair follicles; more viscous secretions.

Located: armpits, pubic region, nipples

apocrine glands

2 multiple choice options

Connected to hair follicles

Secrete oil (sebum) that discourage microbial growth

sebaceous glands

2 multiple choice options

Found in ear canal & produce

a wax-like material that acts as a barrier to entrance

ceruminous glands

3 multiple choice options

Column of keratinized cells held tightly together

Unique to the skin of mammals

hair