SFL 102 - Interior Design Exam One

Interior Design

art and science of understanding people's behavior to create functional spaces in a building "Your flair, not mine" Designers are decorators, but decorators are not designers; influences health, safety, and wellbeing

Qualities of Interior Design

• can change space, but decorators are limited to just the surface

• focus on function more than aesthetics

• apply creative and technical solutions within a structure and within limitations

Interior design solutions/guidelines

1. Functional

2. Enhance quality of life

3. Protect the public (privacy)

4. Reflect culture of occupants (LDS, family-oriented, hosting parties, etc.)

5. Aesthetically attractive

built environment

manmade surroundings that provide setting for human activity

privacy

seeking and controlling human interaction through selective distance or isolation; influenced by cultural background, survival, physical and psychological health, identity, and emotional release

territoriality

need to control a fixed area by laying a claim to it

need for nature

most people suffer from nature deprivation; create interiors to protect environments and preserve natural areas through plants and window views

Elsie de Wolfe (1865-1950)

BEFORE HER: Interior design was not a profession until after WWII and housewives would do it or plumbers, etc.

• She organized the profession of Interior Design

• acted as a general contractor

• designer for upper class - wealthy, public people

• charged friends for her work

• media tastemaker

Media tastemaker

• shows like Extreme Makeover, Fixer Upper

  What's the problem?

• people have difficult time paying taxes and taking care of their new home

• Design is a hard process and takes time.. it shouldn't only take 7 days and shouldn't be a surprise in the end

Commercial Interior Design

Interiors such as: Retail, Corporate, Healthcare, Hospitality, Transportational, Institutional

commerical interior design benefits

steady paycheck, more designer help, stability, no client instruction

Residential Interior Design

Kitchen/bath, healthy homes

residential interior design benefits/downfalls

more money, more saturated market

Interior Design Unspoken Rule

When you take on a job, 80% should be familiar to you and 20% should be new

PROFESSIONAL Interior Design Organizations

1. ASID - American Society of Interior Designers (grew on its own)

2. IIDA - International Interior Design Association (conglomerate)

3. IDEC - continuous education

4. NKBA - national kitchen and bath association

5. IDC - interior designers of canada

interior design organization purpose

keep up with the times and styles; facilitate, lead, and monitor accreditation efforts

QUALIFICATION ONLY Interior Design Organizations

1. CIDA - schooling

2. CIDQ - exam for accreditation

   1. IDFX: Interior Design Fundamentals Exam

Interior Design Degree Qualification

1. School 2 years/Experience 4 years/Exam NCIDQ

2. School 4 years/Experience 2 years/Exam DCIDQ (this is most ideal - more knowledge and foundation)

US and Canada PRACTICE ACTS

most ideal... have to have a LICENSE to practice

Only states to have one:

• Alabama

• Nevada

• Florida

• Puerto Rico

• Nova Scotia

Title Acts

Those who want interior designer registration need to acquire certain qualifications

NOT Interior Designers, but as long as they call themselves something different, they can practice - UTAH (Need certification for commercial designers, but not residential)

Name seven criteria for judging if a design is good

• Solve a problem (creativity and innovation-assets)

• Function well

• Integrate design elements and principles (correct tools, ratios, etc.)

• Use appropriate materials for the specified application

• Add beauty

• Reflect meaning and intent

• Respect impact on the environment

How does art differ from design?

Both emerge from creativity, but the difference is that design has a conscious purpose or intent - evolves from a need

How can creativity be enhanced?

• through life experiences (people are not born with it)

• Analogies: finding relationships between uncommon things

• Rule-breaking and assumption destruction (begin fresh)

• Multiple solution generating (embrace wacky and wild)

• Question ladder (think deep)

Can anyone be creative?

• the ability is inherent in everyone

• derives from inspiring objects, exciting trips, engaging places, and meeting thought-provoking people

• perseverance must be the follow through

• accept change

• embrace failure

Concept

abstract idea, thought, notion, or image that invokes imagery based off desired mood or feeling for client's space (links place and function to aesthetics and mood - more variety and interpretation)

• basic planning and defines relationships among different elements of design

Theme

framework that ties all spaces together - experience is the goal and advantage is universal appeal; ages quickly, specific, concrete

Universal Design

the creation of settings and equipment that can be used by everyone, whether or not they are able-bodied and sensory-acute

• equitable use

• perceptible information

• flexibility

• Tolerance of Error

• Simple and intuitive use

• Low physical effort

Green Design

use of products that are healthy for humans, save landfill space, adhere to earth-friendly criteria of quality, sustainability, and time-tested performance

aging in place

design to suggest changes to key functional areas to minimize physical obstacles present in homes

evidence-based design

uses facts and professional judgment to develop informed design solutions for clients; common in healthcare, schools, offices, hotels, residences, etc. process of seeking answers to design problems in a structured manner

Transgenerational Design

design for many generations living under the same roof (kids, parents, grandparents, etc.)

Designer's Challenge

• Society is moving to "houses" rather than "homes"

• Americans are moving more often

Myths about the home

• Ideal home is located in the country

• Square footage = satisfaction

Home

social environment that is dependent on time, or the impression of time, and is represented by a personalized physical environment, such as house, that nurtures the attachment of meaning.

How to create meaning (Guy Kawasaki)

1. Increase quality of life

2. Right a wrong

3. Prevent the end of something good

personal

meaningful, sense of independence and freedom, personalized, sense of belonging, memories

temporal

stability, familiar, base of activity, lasting, stimulates

social

supportive atmosphere, friendly neighborhood, social interaction, social status, family and friends

physical

meaningful possessions, comfortable environment, single-family detached house, safe haven, reflection of ideas and values

Elements

TOOLS - line, shape, form, space, texture, pattern, color, light - used to achieve the principles

Principles

guidelines that govern choices and actions designers take to achieve good design - proportion, scale, focal point, balance, rhythm, harmony

Line (element)

connects two points, directional, moving (take person around room without them moving), emotional - soothing or energetic, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, curved, etc.

horizontal line

convey calmness, serenity, stability, security, visually expands space (ceiling beams, cabinets)

• Too much: boredom, close in a space, ceiling feels too low

Vertical line

give sense of awe, ceiling looks higher, strength, formality (columns, tall furniture, tall drapes)

• Too much: stiff and formal, lacks grounding, takes eye up rather than around

Diagonal line

drama and excitement, attract attention and energy, masks awkward corners

• Too much: instability, unrest, fatigue, overstimulation, restlessness

Curved line

replicate lines of human body, provide relief, introduces whimsy and energy (arches, room shape, curved furniture, domes)

• Too much: tiresome, make people sick, instability and fussiness, busy, cluttered, chaotic

Shape

2-D example of object, repeated use provides movement and carries eye around room

circles

infinity, unity, continuity, felinity, safety, protection

triangles

stability, action, masculinity, dynamic energy

rectangles

solidity, order, formality, security, equality; more visually pleasing than squares

squares

stable, serene, pure, rational

amoeba

meandering and irregular

spirals

symbolize creativity, expansion, transformation

Form

3-D object

solid: object itself, positive in space

void: negative area of hollow space

Positive space

actual object or image

Negative space

area around and between object and image

which element of design influences all others?

Color

types of balance

symmetrical, asymmetrical, radial

how is harmony created?

Gestalt Theory: human brain perceives and organizes visual info into categories or groups

• Proximity, Repetition, Continuation, Alignment

• Through using these, you achieve unity and variety, and therefore achieving harmony

Emphasis / Focal point

Draws the viewers attention to one or more areas of the composition

How is scale different from proportion?

Proportion is measuring the size of objects that look good with other objects. Scale is measured to how big it is compared with objects outside the design, including the viewer.

Texture (element)

invites exploration and touch, tactile (surface texture - can feel it), smooth (satin - feels formal and sleek), visual (illusion - printed fabric, glass panels)

Pattern (element)

repetition of specific motif (artistic design), surface patterns ( conscious repetition of shape or motif like fabrics), structural patterns (placement of form in repetitive design like stone floor pavers)

Color (element)

most powerful element - can transform spaces

Light (element)

another powerful element - controls mood, behavior, functionality, etc.

Proportion (principle)

the relationship of one object to another with respect to size, position, amount, number, or color

golden section

ratio of whole to larger part is same as ratio of larger part to smaller part

Le Corbusier's Modular

measuring system using geometric ratios based on proportions of human body

Scale (principle)

refers to size of an object or building relative to known constant like the human body (comparison of two wholes to each other)

Visual Scale

comparison of one object to another

Human Scale

perception people experience within a space (feeling small in the state capitol building)

Focal Point or Emphasis (principle)

creation of dominant feature for space that is the first to demand attention

1. Dominant: fireplace, bookshelf, etc.

2. Subdominant: supports dominant emphasis like furniture around fireplace

3. Subordinate: least visual weight - accessories

Balance (principle)

equilibrium of elements in a space

Physical ( actual weight of object) and visual (illusion of perceived relative weights)

Asymmetrical balance

objects on both sides of center point are dissimilar, but still identical in weight

radial balance

all elements radiate from one center point - chairs circling a table

symmetrical balance

both sides of center point - easy to understand, organized - looks bigger

Rhythm (principle)

creative, repetitive blend of movement and visual forms in conscious, regular arrangement

repetitive element use - color, light, shape, lines

Alternating rhythm

contrasting elements (checkerboard floor)

Progressive rhythm

increase or decrease of element

Repetition

repeating single element

Transition

carries eye easily and without interruption

Harmony (principle)

combination of design elements and principles in pleasing or orderly whole

Unity, Variety, Visual literacy

hue

defines color - pure name and contains the color wheel of basic colors like red, blue, yellow, etc.

color

general term used to describe every hue, tint, tone or shade we can see

complex, draws on emotions, not seen in isolation - everyone sees it different

value

lightness and darkness

Chroma

saturation or intensity of color, bright or dull

neutralization

add complimentary color

Warm color

appear to advance toward you in a space: red, orange, yellow

Cool color

recede from you in a space - blue, green, purple

Achromatic

not one of the color harmonies, but color-neutral like black, gray, white, brown, etc.

Monochromatic

one hue in multiple and different values and intensities - green for kitchen, red for restaurant... USE TEXTURE and this one has easiest harmony

Analogous

3-5 hues next to each other on color wheel - for calm interiors like green-blue, red-orange, etc.

Complementary

use colors directly opposite each other on color wheel for high contrast and interest - blue and orange - meant to evoke strength and power

Split-complementary

3 colors - one main hue plus two hues adjacent to complement like red-orange, green, and blue (meant for variety and fun: pediatrics)

triadic

3-4 colors equally spaced on color wheel - blues, greens, blue-violets - meant to be warm or cool

What are the benefits of natural light? What are the difficulties with using it?

Benefits:

1. Increases human well-being

2. Increases productivity

3. Increases morale

4. Increases amount of time consumers spend at store

5. Enhances perception of control over environment

6. Produces considerable energy savings

7. Brings nature into space

   Difficult to avoid glare, discomfort, heat, etc

ambient lighting

general - provides uniform, overall light (safety, comfort, support mood of interior, minimizes shadows, forms, importance of thing, fills people with freedom, lack of boundaries)

Task Lighting

direct form of light that provides 3 times the level of ambient lighting - for specific tasks (reading, surgery, making meals)

Accent Lighting

bring attention to an object or space, creates drama, variety, stimulates interest, alerts the mind, can be distracting

Lamp

lightbulb