Photosynthesis

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the process of photosynthesis, including its mechanisms, structures involved, and factors affecting its rate.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use sunlight energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in photosynthetic organisms that captures light energy for photosynthesis.

Stomata

Small openings on the leaf surface that allow gas exchange (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out) while minimizing water loss.

Xylem

Specialized plant cells that transport water from the roots to the leaves.

Thylakoid

Flattened sacs within chloroplasts that contain the photosynthetic machinery.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

An energy carrier molecule produced during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Light-dependent reactions

The first stage of photosynthesis that requires light and occurs in the thylakoids, producing ATP and NADPH.

NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate)

An energy-rich molecule that carries electrons and is produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Calvin Cycle

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis that convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, using ATP and NADPH.

Limiting factors

Factors that restrict the rate of photosynthesis; mainly light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.