AP World History 4.2 Flashcards

mercantilism

Economic theory emphasizing national wealth through exports over imports, requiring heavy government intervention.

trading post empire

An empire built on a network of trading posts controlling key trade routes instead of large territories.

Manila

Spanish colonial city in the Philippines, pivotal for trans-Pacific trade, particularly in silver and spices.

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese prince who significantly advanced maritime exploration by sponsoring expeditions along the African coast.

maritime galleons

Large multi-decked ships used primarily by Spain for transoceanic voyages, especially in the silver trade.

Christopher Columbus

Explorer credited with the 1492 discovery of the Americas, representing the start of widespread European exploration.

Bartholomew Diaz

Portuguese explorer who first rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, opening sea routes to the East.

Vasco Da Gama

First European to reach India by sea, establishing direct trade routes in 1498.

Ferdinand Magellan

Explorer who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe, demonstrating the world's vastness.

northwest passage

A sought-after maritime route through North America to Asia, pursued by several explorers but ultimately not found.

Jacques Cartier

French explorer who claimed parts of Canada for France in the 1530s while searching for a route to Asia.

Samuel de Champlain

Founder of Quebec, known for his role in exploring and charting New France in the early 17th century.

John Cabot

Italian explorer sailing under the English flag who claimed parts of North America, including Newfoundland, in 1497.

Henry Hudson

Explorer who sought a northwest passage; claimed the Hudson River region for the Dutch in 1609.

Quebec

First permanent French settlement in North America, established as a fur trading post in the early 17th century.

New France

French colonial territory in North America, focused on trade and alliances with Native Americans rather than large settlements.

Jamestown

The first successful English colony in the Americas, founded in 1607 in Virginia.

New Amsterdam

Dutch settlement on the island of Manhattan, which became a major trade hub before being taken by the English