unit 8 physics

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cosmic microwaves background radiation

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cosmic microwaves background radiation

  • all directions of space, around -270c

  • universe first emitted short wavelength, as universe expanded, stretched to become microwaves,

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2

life cycle of stars

  • dust and gas clouds present in universe, form stars, nebula

  • gravitational attraction between particles draw them together, form protostar

  • cloud becomes more concentrated, as particles get closer, so temp and pressure increase

  • pressure higher enough, particles Abel to fuse together,

  • fusion occurs, hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nclei

  • creates a large amount of energy

  • outwards pressure causes b fusion balances the force of gravity inwards, equilibrium

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3

small stars

  • swells into red giant

  • unstable, ejects outer layer of dust and gas

  • leaves behind hot, dense solid core, white dwarf

  • cools down, emits less energy, no longer emits a signicaint amount, black dwarf

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4

larger stars

  • hydrogen runs iut

  • swells into red super giant, becomes red as the surface cools

  • fusion of helium, increasing pressure and temps means heavier element can fuse

  • once all fusion happens, to massive to be stable, star collapses and rebounds on its centre, explodes into supernova,

  • ejecting heavier elements to form new stars and planets

  • exploding supernova throws outer layer o dust an d gas into space

  • leaving hot dense core, neutron star or black hole

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5

red shift

  • increase in wavelength of light from most distant galaxies

  • further away galaxy, faster they are moving and the bigger the red shift

  • observations of supernova since 1988, suggest that distant galaxies re reeding her faster

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