Seedless Vascular Plants

General Botany EXAM V

In seedless vascular plants there are ___ phyla

two

In seedless vascular plants there are __ taxonomic groups

5

Phylum Lycophyta: (have _____)

microphylls

Phylum Lycophyta:

Small, single vein, no leaf gap

What are the two families in Phylum Lycophyta?

Family Lycopodiaceae

Family Selaginellaceae

Family Lycopodiaceae:

The club mosses

Family Selaginellaceae:

The spike mosses

Phylum Monilophyta: (have ______)

megaphylls

Phylum Monilophyta:

branching veins and leaf gaps present

What are the 3 classes in Phylum Monilophyta?

Class Psilotopsida

Class Equisetopsida

Class Polypodiopsida

The ________ is dominant

sporophyte

Sporophytes produce _____, the main dispersal units

spores

Spores are produced via ________

meiosis

Spores are ______ cells capable of developing into an adult without the fusion with another cell

reproductive

Spores develop within the _____

sporangia

Sporangia may be axile or supported by _______ forming a cone

Sporophylls

Have _____ tissues

vascular

Most have true _______

leaves

They have _____ and ______

stems and roots

With ______

rhizomes

Two types of leaves:

microphylls and megaphylls

Microphylls:

stem enations (outgrowths)

One strand of vascular tissue; no leaf gaps

Megaphylls:

evolved from webbing of photosynthetic tissue between branches

leaf gaps present

Lycopodium Sporophyte:

Branching rhizome producing _____ _____ and ______

aerial branches and roots

Lycopodium Sporophyte:

Microphylls -

leaf with single vein

Lycopodium Sporophyte:

______ arranged

spirally

Lycopodium Sporophyte:

True ______ for absorption and support

roots

Lycopodium Sporophyte:

Sporangium born ____ on short stalks in ______ of specialized ______

singly

axils

sporophylls

Lycopodium:

Fertile __________

microphylls

Lycopodium:

Sporangia form a _________

strobilus

Lycopodium:

___________ _________ arranged in cones also called strobili at terminus of branches

Non-photosynthetic sporophylls

Lycopodium:

Homosporous (______ ______)

spores alike

Lycopodium:

Homosporous

Spores give rise to _______ __________

bisexual gametophyte

Lycopodium:

Meiosis within _____; spores are released

sporangia

Lycopodium:

Gametophytes form _____ and _______

antheridia and archegonia

Lycopodium:

Antheridia and Archegonia may be _______

subterranean

Lycopodium:

_____ is required for fertilization due to flagellated sperm cell

water

Lycopodium:

Fertilization occurs within the ______ of ________

venter

archegonium

Lycopodium:

Sporophyte may remain attached to archegonium for long time, eventually it becomes ________

independent

Lycopodium

Historical Uses:

Leaf extracts used to _____ ______

reduce fever

Lycopodium

Spores are used:

to keep…

pills from sticking together

Lycopodium

Spores are used:

_____ to stop _____

powder

bleeding

Lycopodium

Spores are used:

______: Dusting powder

cosmetics

Lycopodium

Spores are used:

________ lubrication

condom

Lycopodium

Spores are used:

Lubricating dust in _____ _______

medical gloves

Lycopodium

Spores are used:

Dust ______, producing flashes or flames

explosion

Lycopodium

Spores are used:

_____ Powder (rudimentary flash for photography_

flash

Phylum Monilophyta

Class Psilotopsida

_______ (genus)

Psilotum

Class Psilotopsida:

Whisk Ferns

How many species of whisk ferns are ther?

25 species

Class Psilotopsida

Temperate to _______

tropical

Class Psilotopsida

The Sporophyte:

With _____ - tissue flaps from stems

enations

Class Psilotopsida

The Sporophyte:

No _____

roots

Class Psilotopsida

The Sporophyte:

Stem _______

photosynthetic

Class Psilotopsida

________ branching stem with terminal and lateral, ___-_____, fused sporangia (_____)

Dichotomously

Three-Lobed

Synangia

Class Psilotopsida

Synangium with _____ walls; produce numerous ______

thick

spores

Class Psilotopsida

Meiosis within ______

sporangia

Class Psilotopsida

Gametophytes:

Subterranean

System of rhizomes with numerous rhizoids

Phylum Monilophyta

Class Equisetopsida

_______ (genus)

Equisetum

How many species are there of the genus Equisetum?

15 species

Equisetum may be the oldest surviving ____ in plants

genus

Equisetum grow in ____, ____ habitats

sandy, moist

Equisetum have _____ stems that are ______ with ribbed _______

jointed

photosynthetic

internodes

Equisetum

Stem with cell walls containing ___ deposits

silica

Equisetum

Whorled ____ but microphyll-like through reduction

megaphylls

Equisetum

____ stem

hollow

Equisetum

Stem hollow (_____ canal)

central

Equisetum

Cortex contains ____ canals

vallecular

Equisetum

_____ canals surround the central canal, and each is associated to a vascular bundle

carinal

Equisetum

_______ rhizomes with numerous roots

subterranean

Equisetum

Sporangia cells undergo ____ forming _ spores

meiosis

n

Equisetum

Spores released by _____ when low humidity

elaters

Equisetum

Germination of spores produce ____ ______ gametophytes

free living

Equisetum

Gametophytes are _______

photosynthetic

Equisetum

______ or _______ gametophytes

bisexual

male

Equisetum

Sperm is _____-_______

multi-flagellated

Equisetum

Historial Uses

Scour pots and pans

Diuretic

Astringent

Cure Diarrhea

Phylum Monilophyta

Class Polypodiopsida

______ (genus)

Polypodium

Class Polypodiopsida

Polypodium are mostly _______ (environment0

tropical

How many species are in Class Polypodiopsida

12,000 species

Class Polypodiopsida

Leaves are called _____

fronds

Class Polypodiopsida

Fronds emerge from ____ _______ (rhizomes)

underground stems

Class Polypodiopsida

Emergency of fronds form _______ or _________

croziers

fiddleheads

Class Polypodiopsida

The process of croziers unrolling is known as:

circinate vernation (formation of new leaves)

Class Polypodiopsida

______ is dominant

sporophyte

Class Polypodiopsida

Leaf formation:

pinnately compounded leaves

Class Polypodiopsida

Pinnately compound leaves are called ______

fronds

Class Polypodiopsida

If compound, leaf with a ____, a ____ and _____ are present

stipe

rachis

pinnae

Class Polypodiopsida

Sporangia are born in clusters called _____ on the lower surface of frond

sori

Class Polypodiopsida

_______ is the outgrowth of a blade

Indusium

Class Polypodiopsida

Sori =

includes indusium, if present, and sporangia

Class Polypodiopsida

Cells within _____ undergo _____ and form _ spore

sporangia

meiosis

n

Class Polypodiopsida

Annulus:

when cells dry up, they put tension on annulus cells of sporangium causing snapping and thus releasing of the spores

Class Polypodiopsida

______ shaped pro-thalus

heart

Class Polypodiopsida

_______ develops into heart-shaped gametophytes

prothallus

Class Polypodiopsida

_______ is free-living with many ______

gametophyte

rhizoids

Class Polypodiopsida

Once the gametophyte forms the _____ and ______ are on the ventral surface

antheridia

archegonia

Class Polypodiopsida

Antheridia is located among _____

rhizoids

Class Polypodiopsida

Archegonia is around the ______ area

notch

Class Polypodiopsida

_____ living gametophyte

short