Skinner- Behaviourist
ā¢ a child imitates the language of its parents/carers
ā¢ successful utterances are reinforced by praise therefore unsuccessful utterances are forgotten
- a child who says ādrinkedā is not copying an adult but is instead overapplying a rule (that /d/ forms past tense verbs) ā THIS IS A VIRTUOUS ERROR
Chomsky- Innateness/Nativism
ā¢ children have an innate ability for language acquisition by their LAD
ā¢ they have a natural predisposition to learning language which is triggered by hearing speech and their brain is therefore able to interpret it
- jim had deaf parents and without carer interaction, radio/tv speech meant little to him
Piaget- Cognitive
ā¢ a child must understand a concept before they can develop language to express it, for example wouldnāt be able to use comparative adjectives unless they first understood size/scale.
ā¢ sensorimotor (object permanence), preoperational (questions/imaginative), concrete operational (organisation), formal operational (scientific reasoning)
Bruner- Interactionist
ā¢ importance of interaction between child/caregivers
ā¢ rejected LAD and suggested LASS, which includes scaffolding
ā¢ eg through simplification or religion of key lexis
Berko & Brown- Fis/Fish
ā¢ rejecting an adultās pronunciation āfisā but continuing to pronounce it āfisā themself
ā¢ even if a child is unable to pronounce a phoneme correctly, they can understand it
ā¢ opposes behaviourism
Nelson- 60%
ā¢ 60% of first words are nouns (naming)
ā¢ verbs were the second largest group
Bellugi- Negations
no/not at start of the sentence
no/not in the middle of the sentence
no/not correctly used
Halliday- Functionalism
ā¢ Instrumental- language used to fulfil needs/desires
ā¢ Regulatory- language used to command/persuade/request something
ā¢ Interactive- language used to form relationships
ā¢ Personal- language used to express personal opinions
ā¢ Heuristic- language associated with discovery (questions)
ā¢ Representational- language used to exchange facts/experiences
ā¢ Imaginative- language used in storytelling/play
Stages
One word/Holophrastic (one word)
Two Word (two words)
Telegraphic (short sentences with incorrect grammar)
Post-Telegraphic (grammatically confident sentences)
ā¢ babbling stage is before the one-word stage (i doubt this will come up though)