1.1 The muscular skeletal system

axial skeleton

Skull, ribs and sternum, vertebral column, coccyx

vertebral column

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum

appendicular skeleton

pectoral girdle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

pectoral girdle

scapulae and clavicles

pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

function of axial

protects vital organs and gives support

function of appendicular

allows movement, blood cell formation, attachment

4 types of bone

long, short, flat, irregular

anatomical terminology to location of bones

anterior posterior, inferior superior, proximal distal, medial lateral

types of connective tissues

cartilage, ligament, tendon

function of cartilage

provides support for tissues, forms sliding area for joints, joins bone to bone

function of ligaments

defines ROM, joins bone to bone, bends to prevent fracture

function of tendons

shock absorbers, provides stability for synovial joints, transmits force to movement

joint

where two or more bones articulate

name features of a synovial joint

articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, bursae, meniscus, ligaments

outline articular cartilage

Smooth tissue that covers the end of articulating bones at a joint

Allows the bones to glide smoothly over each other

Absorbs shock

outline synovial membrane

Lines the inner surface of the capsule 

Secretes synovial fluid into the cavity

Encloses the synovial fluid

outline synovial fluid

Thick stringy fluid located inside the capsule

Helps to lubricate the articular surfaces of a joint

Nourishes articular cartilage by providing nutrients

Absorbs any debris

outline bursae

A small sac lined with the synovial membrane containing synovial fluid

Often found between a bone and soft tissue, such as tendons or ligaments

Reduces friction between structures by preventing friction and wear

Facilitates movement between structures and/or around a joint

outline meniscus

A crescent shaped pad of cartilage prevents wearing and rubbing

Helps the bones fit together

Improves stabilisation of the joint

Provides cushioning for the joint

outline ligament

Extension of the joint capsule

Consists of strong, fibrous connective tissue

Connects bones to bones

Provide strength and stability at a joint

outline articular capsule

Strong tissue enveloping the joint

Blends into the periosteum

Gives the joint stability

Stops unwanted material getting into the joint area

list the different types of synovial joints

hinge, ball and socket, condyloid, pivot, gliding, saddle