Global Politics Midterm 2

C+I+G+(X-M)

GDP equals…

Gross domestic product

What does GDP stand for

Consumer spending

What does the C in the GDP equation stand for

between 1 half and 2 thirds

how much does consumer spending make up of national economies

Buisness Investment

What does the I in the GDP equation stand for

research

what is an example of a buisness investment

government spending

What does the G in the GDP equation stand for

Military

What is an example of government spending

exports

What does the X in the GDP equation stand for

imports

What does the I in the GDP equation stand for

economy is expanding/growing

When a gdp goes up…

economy is in a period of reccession

When gdp goes down

interest rates

what represents the price of money

printing the national currency and managing interest rates

what determines the money supply in a given country

money becomes expensive, decreasing demand

when interest rates go up

autonomous

central bank is usually…

at arms length from the national government

what does autonomous mean

monetary policy

the control of the money supply by a semi-autonomous central bank

fiscal policy

how governments spend money

inflation

overall increase in the price of goods and services in an ecnomy over time

hyperinflation

high inflation above the desirable target leads to

deflation

downward spiral of falling pricing and asset values

USD

since ww2 the biggest strongest national currency as been

reserve currency

a currency that the central banks of other countries are comfortable holding as part of their foreign exchange reserves

Nixon in the early 70s

when and who put an end to the gold standard

trade surplus

a country that exports more than it imports has a

trade deficit

a country that imports more than it exports has a

USA

who has the biggest trade deficit

Belgium

highest GDP

Oil

Most actively traded good by dollar value

Autarchy

drive for a nation to provide as much as it can to minimize dependancy

1.6 trillion

Canadas GDP

Free trade

exchange of goods and services between countries that elect to not use any protectionist measures

bi or multilateral trade agreements

recent trade trend

Tariff

a tax on imported goods

government subsides

investments made by national governments

internationalism

the principle of promoting cooperation and collaboration between nations for open trade

General agreement on tariffs and trade

focal point for several truly global rounds of multilateral negotiations on reducing tariffs

1995

when did GATT become World Trade Organization

bond

debt instrument

Balance of Payments

the current account, and the capital amount

Fair trade

A blend of free trade and multinational corporations

civil war

war within a country

Armed Conflict

use of weapons and physical violence with the intention of inflicting damage

Symmetrical war

Government vs Government

Asymmetrical

Government vs Non State Armed Groups

WW2

which war had the most deaths

realism

war is all about power

Private Military Companies

for profit company that provides military services for a hefty fee

Jud ad bellum

decides if states can go into war

just causes

self-defense, collective security

proportionality

proportion or balance between problem and solution

last resort

when can state governments go into war

Terrorism

use of random violence against civilians with the intent of spreading fear

Military capability

the resources a country has to deploy armed force

Special forces

exist to execute very specific and unusual military objectives

Strategy

the big picture plan of how to defeat an enemy

Tactics

how one should fight particular battles

Guerilla warfare

a military tactic where small groups use unconventional attacks

Discrimination

need for fighters to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate targets

industrial sites

where supplies are stored

minimizing civilian casualties

most mentioned yet most violated principle

WW1

Civilian casualties have outnumbered military casualties in every known major war since…

indirect consequences

many civilians who die in major wars do not die directly from attack, but from…

due care

serious and sustained efforts to protect civilian lives as much as possible

dual use targets

International law forbids ____ ___ ______, but they are often anyways are

Geneva conventions

set of international treaties that establish rules of how civilians should be treated in war

Jus in bello

mandate that soldiers deploy only proportionate force against legitimate targets

reprisals

acts of retaliation on an aggresssor, typically by the same means used in the original attack

the reprisal docrine

permits a violation of jus in bello but only in responce to a prior violation by the opposing side

contemporary human rights

powerfully motivated by the holocaust

1933

discrimination against jewish people started as early as

Human rights defenders

concerned about everyone

political proclamation

Universal Declaration of Human Rights has no legal weight but is instead a _______ ________, thought it is the most influential and inspiring human rights document of our time

securing everyone a minimally desent life

overall goal of human rights movement

human rights

both moral and legal

legal right

right that has been codified

the object of another persons human rights

individuals directly violate human rights when they take away

intentional violation

when an institution can, but chooses not to respect human rights

Unintentional violation

when an institution wants but cannot respect the human rights of its citizens

First gen rights

otherwise known as civil and political rights. Includes the rights to life or security

Second gen rights

otherwise known as socio-economic and cultural rights. Includes right to basic education

industrial revolution

when did second gen rights begin to be claimed

third gen rights

generally known by any other term and are harder to define as they lack internal coherence. include right to clean air

human rights NGOS

most moval, active and effect of all intertional NGOS

Non-governmental organizations

what does NGO stand for

Men

who an average gets more nutrition and education

Women

who on average live longer

across the silk road

where did the bubonic plague (black death) travel

1 Million

how many people migrated due to the potato famine in the 1840s

1750s

when was the tipping point of the population

peace through health

An emerging discipline

World Health Organization

operated with the mandate to improve global public health

Zika

recent epidemic case

Health

State of complete, physical, mental, and social well-being

Public health

population focused, generally about trying to augment the overall health conditions of a population

Epidemiology

branch of medicine concerned with the spread and control of diseases

bad air

original theory of outbreaks

80

average life expectancy in the developed world

60

average life expectancy in the developing world