Greek History Quiz 7

1/3 of final exam vocab

Syntrierachy

2 noblemen responsible for a trireme…idea came from Athenians

Hetaireia

a group or club

-historically govt would be worried that members would vote the same way and use their resources to hold power over the poor

Probouloi

10 probouloi who govern the 500 officials

-had special power to adjust the laws (constitutional laws)

-become the center of revolution and claim boule is too democratic

Lysander 406

A spartan and Navarch who was rumored to be a mophax

-incredibly talented at his job

Navarch

The spartan in charge of specific the whole naval establishment

-new office of state

Harmost

A Spartan military governor that would take control of a town once it was conquered.

-in charge of giving commands to the locals and uses a downtown occupation force

Decarchy

A committee of 10 men who rule over the town also an example of a tiny oligarchy

-Lysander likes this concept

Phyle 404

means tribe or clan, representing a social and political unit in ancient Greece, particularly in Athens.

-Thrasybulus builds a fort there during the surrender and people start to flock there if they want to restore democracy

Thrasybulus

A general and democratic politician who wins against the Decarchy

Amnesty before 403

Counter revolution where the Athenians march onto Coreas and take over the port town of Athens

-well over 1,000 fully armed

-the Spartans do not react

Amnesty 403

Instead of killing all of the 30, they decide not to prosecute them

-restoration of democracy and republished old laws

-using the ionian language know

Four Hundred 411

The Athenians people are convinced to vote 400 men into dictorial powers and create new rules on who gets to vote

-must at least be a hoplite to vote

B Arginusae 406

A battle fought in the waters between Lesbos and Asia Minor

-hundreds tririme on both side where a storm stopped goals of Athenian split up

-Strategoi put on trial

Results of 406

Athenians victory where Athens rejects a peace treaty with Sparta

B Aegospotami 405

literally means goat rivers and is located where a channel flows into the black sea

-Sparta under Lysander beats Athens

-404 Athens surrenders leading to demilitarization and hatred of Aristogenes

Critias

An aristocrat and chief of the 30

-always gets blamed

Plato and dialogue

first person to write in dialogue form

-considered prose and a drama

--Plato writes for Socrates

Daimonion

the idea of a god talking to you

-the inner voice

-never gives positive feedback only elenchus

Se nihil scire

He knows that he knows nothing

-not something Plato said during a dialogue

-the concept of intellectual humility

Dialectic

-Socrates method of using dialogue to get to the truth of something

-Arrive at something closer to reality and arguing it with two people participate and chop away falsehood and whatever is left is truth

Adjective of the word dialogue

Elenchus

another part of socrates debate method where you disprove the other persons beliefs and the more ideas you reject the closer you are to the truth

Eidos

Translated as form

-An ideal form that helps us categorize other objects

-the concept of a chair

Eudaimonia

When a god helps you out and things are going well with every person pursuing this

-real harm to the soul is only possible through unjust action

Corinthian War 395-386

Persian King initally allied with Athens and all other greek city states against Sparta…alliance failed due to power hungry states and Sparta wins

-fear the expansionist Spartan activity and threatened by their own interests

Kings Peace 386

Returned the Greeks of Anatolia to the dependent status on Persia like before the Peloponnese War

-persians cannot be invovled in greek affairs

-sparta started to attack other greek city states

B Leuctra 371

The resurgent Thebes deated the Spartan Army in Boeotia and then proceeded to invade Spartan homeland

B, Mantinea 362

Sparta and Athens allied against the Thebans in the famous battle of Mantinea in 262

-won battle lost the war (thebes)

Boeotian League

operates military affairs, politics, almost like a federal government with “states”

-has existed for centuries

-one of the stipulations of the King’s Peace was that the Boeotian League would be dissolved

Thebes

Apart of the Boeotian League “rulers” (central Greece, northwest of Attica)

-only huge city-state in Boeotia

-they do no swallow up communities, but rather accumulate them in Boeotian League

Epaminodas

a Greek General and Statesmen from Thebes

-swears by the Boeotians and many follow in his example and broke Spartans

-dies in the Battle of Mantinea 362

B Leuctra 371 II

Sparta is the reinforce of the Kings Peace as well as the primary beneficiaries

-a huge victory for Thebes, Sparta never recovers from the battle

Macedon

a city state north of Greece, that uses Greek Names and speaks Greek in upper class and participates in all Greek politics/war

-has a hereditary monarchy, powerful families matter (women have a bigger voice than other Greek city-states)

used warriors instead of hoplites, warriors in this culture exist for themselves not the state

Philip I

He was not a dictator, rather a monarch

-Involved in 3rd sacred war involving Delphi aphtiomony

-fights against Thebes and is a hostage while Epaminodas is leading Thebes

-beats Thebans by using military innovations from thebans and their own idea of warriors/ battle tactics

Philip I phalanx

a phalanx of lightly armed guys who don’t just carry separate shields and use both hands to support a Sarrisa

-new heavy cavalry

Sarissa

A long spear

-5 or 6 rows of spear points will project past the phalanx

-cost effective since shields are most expensive part of armor

Peltast

a light shield that can be used to throw

-type of warrior and they run away before you can react

B Chaeronea 338

a battle against Athens and Thebes versus Macedon

-Philip I won

League of Corinth

Sparta is now irrelevant at this point because of have many full-blooded spartans they lost

-invented by Philip 1

-became the head of the league

Theban Sacred Band

an elite force of 150×2 lovers

-created by Epandamos

Hieron 478-467

death of Galon and Herion his brother takes over

-was the last tyrant before democracy

Dorcization

Tries to turn the southeastern portion of Sicily that is friendly to Dorians, but not Ionians

-would force Ionian Colonies to move out into “concentration camps” and then move in Dorians into their land

B. Cumae 474

-located off the west coast of Italy

-a battle w Carthaginians and Etruscans and Hieron beats them quickly

-power is reduced for Etruscans, which makes it easier for rome to take over in the future

Petalism

-inspired by Athenian Ostracism

-uses an Olive leaf to vote for a man to be exiled for 5 years

-different than Athens cause there was no minimum required vote

Sicels

-a ethnicity potentially from Italy that in the past was pushed out of their lands or Greeks have settled nearby

-Greeks are much more advanced '

-known as raiders

-become helots after Ducetius

Ducetius

Sicel that has been hellenized, but still thought themselves as separate from the Greeks

-459 they conquer and exterminate an entire Greek City

-451 they take over Katenia leading to the slaughter of the Dorians

after Ducetius dies Sicels become helots

Hermocrates

A syracusan