Bovine Repro Drugs (not done)

What is cystorelin and feragyl?

Gonadorelin diacetate tetrayhydrate

What was Gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate originally approved for?

Ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cattle but also approved for use in combination with cloprostenol sodium

What is a clinical nuance of GnRH?

There are conflicting results in clinical trials comparing types of GnRH

What is Lutalyse HighCon?

High concentrations PGF2alphaa that is only approved in cattle

What is cloprostenol sodium?

PGF2alpha

What is PGF2alphas approved for?

Treatment of pyometra or chronic endometritis, luteal cysts, estrus synchronization, treatment of mummified fetus

When do you need to remove P4 implants?

After 7 days

What are some clinical nuances of P4 implants?

CIDRs will keep P4 within their matrix after use (re-use is not inferior)

Progesterone can be absorbed through skin of humans

Blue tail on the end should be cut out because heifers like to pull CIDRs out

What is the only P4 implant approved in the US?

EAZI-BREED CIDR

What is melengesterol acetate?

P4 analogue used for growth promotion and suppression of estrus

Can also be used to synchronize cattle b pulling the drug at the same time

Must wait until second estrus to breed

What are some clinical nuances of P4 medicated articles like melengestrol acetate?

Cheaper and less labor than CIDR

What does P4 do during pregnancy?

Secreted from CL and placenta inhibiting myometrial contraction (P4 block)

What does E2 do during pregnancy?

Secreted from placenta signaling early parturition and increases cervical and vaginal secretions

What does cortisol do during pregnancy?

Secreted by fetus to tell the placenta to convert P4 to E2 decreased P4 levels and removing the block.

This causes the placenta to synthesize PGF2a

What is PGF2alpha during parturition?

Lyses CL and drops P4

Stimulates relaxin

Stimulates myometrial contractions indirectly

What does oxytocin do during parturition?

Released from posterior pituitary in response to afferent neuron stimulation from cervix

Causes myometrial contractions

What drugs are used to manage pregnancy and parturition?

Progesterone, corticosteroids, prostaglandin F2alpha, oxytocin, lidocaine, epi

How can you induce parturition?

Dexamethasone and PGF2alpha late in gestation but will increase risk of retained placenta

Should not be given until after 270 days gestation

What regulates lactation

hormonal signals

What is lactogenesis?

Development of mammary gland and initiation of milk production in gland

What is galactopoiesis?

Maintaining milk production once it has started

What are lacto ang galactopoiesis dependent on?

Prolactin and somatropin

What is domperidone?

Dopamine antagonist that induces prolactin release

What does melatonin supplementation do to lactation?

Decreases prolactin production

What is oxytocin approved for?

Precipitate labor

Accelerate parturition

Evacuation of uterine debris

Contraction of uterus after C-section and control hemorrhage

Can be used to contract smooth muscle in mammary gland to induce milk let-down if udder is in proper physiological state

Where can ovarian cysts be?

Follicular (responds to gonadorelin)

Luteal (responds to prostaglandin)

Can just treat with each if unsure the type

What are the uterine diseases?

Pyometra

Endometritis

Metritis

What are the types of dystocia?

Malpresentation

Fetal-maternal mismatch

How do you treat pyometra/endometritis?

PGF2alpha

What antibiotic is labelled for lactating dairy cattle?

Ceftiofur cystalline free acid (Excede)

What antibiotics are not prohibited for use in lactating dairy cattle?

Ceftiofure hydrochloride

oxytet

What is the most common disease in dairy cattle?

Mastitis also most common use of antibiotics in diaries

What is the most commonly used drug to treat mastitis?

Cephalosporins

What should you do every time you have to treat mastitis?

Discuss diagnosis, prevention, and management too