Edexcel iGCSE (9-1) Chemistry | Solubility Rules

Solubility rules

• All sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds are soluble.

• All nitrates are soluble.

• All chlorides are soluble except for silver and lead(II).

• All sulfates are soluble except for barium, calcium and lead(II).

• All carbonates and hydroxides are insoluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium. Calcium hydroxide is slightly

soluble.

Is Na2O soluble?

Yes - all sodium compounds are soluble

Is KCl soluble?

Yes - all potassium compounds are soluble

Is NH4Br soluble?

Yes - all ammonium compounds are soluble

Is LiNO3 soluble?

Yes - all nitrates are soluble

Is RbCl soluble?

Yes - all chlorides are soluble except those of silver and lead (||)

Is AgCl soluble?

No - all chlorides are soluble except those of silver and lead (||)

Is PbCl2 soluble?

No - all chlorides are soluble except those of silver and lead (||)

Define a solvent

The substance that dissolves a solute

Define a solute

The substance that is dissolved by a solvent

Define a solution

A mixture of a solute and a solvent which is the same throughout

Define a saturated solution

A solution where the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved, so no more solute will dissolve

Define a supersaturated solution

A substance heated up to a greater temperature then become saturated, then cooled, meaning that the solution has more solvent than it could have dissolved a that temperature - a solid forms

What increases solubility?

Temperature

What is a graph of solubility vs temperature known as?

A solubility curve

How is solubility measured?

The grams of solute that will dissolve per 100g of solvent

Define solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent

Draw an example solubility curve

Describe an experiment to investigate how solubility is affected by temperature

Solubility equation

Solubility = mass of solid x 100 / mass of water removed