Neuroanatomy Exam 3

how many cranial nerves are there?

12 pairs

CN I

Olfactory, transmit the sense of smell

*in CNS = tract, outside CNS = nerve

CN II

Optic Nerve, transmits info from retina

CN III

Oculomotor Nerve, controls most extrinsic muscles that move the eye

which muscles does the oculomotor nerve control

superior, medial, and inferior rectus muscles

CN IV

Trochlear Nerve, innervates extrinsic oblique eye muscle

CN V

Trigeminal Nerve, main sensory nerve of the face, has three portions

what are the three branches of the Trigeminal Nerve?

1. Ophthalmic Branch (V1)

2. Maxillary Branch (V2)

3. Mandibular Branch (V3)

Ophthalmic Branch

• top of the face

• sensory info from scalp, forehead, upper eyelid, cornea

• nose, nasal mucose, frontal sinuses

• parts of the meninges

Maxillary Branch

• middle of the face

• sensory info from lower eyelid, cheek, upper lip, upper teeth and gums

Mandibular Branch

• bottom of the face

• sensory info from lower lip, teeth, gums, chin, jaw, external ear parts

• touch/position and pain/temperature sensation from mouth but not TASTE

CN VI

Abducens, controls lateral rectus

CN VII

Facial nerve, innervates muscles of facial expression

CN IX

Glossopharyngeal, info from head and neck to brainstem, blood pressure(baroreceptors)

CN X

Vagus Nerve, only cranial nerve that travels into the abdomen, most important bc it innervates all organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities

CN XI

Accessory Nerve, innervates shoulder muscles

CN XII

Hypoglossal Nerve, tongue, assists in speech

how many spinal nerves are there

31 pairs total

how many cervical spinal nerves

8 pairs

how many thoracic spinal nerves

12 pairs

how many lumbar spinal nerves

5 pairs

how many sacral spinal nerves

5 pairs (S1-S5)

how many coccygeal spinal nerves

1 pair

cervical plexus

innervates skin of neck and deep neck muscles

phrenic nerve is part of which plexus?

cervical plexus, innervates top of diaphragm, breathing stops if cut

brachial plexus

divisions, trunks, roots (messy), innervation of upper limbs including back and scapula

five nerves that make up the brachial plexus

1. musculocutaneous

2. median

3. ulnar

4. radial

5. axillary

intercoastal nerves

innervate intercoastal muscles and provide sensory input for overlying skin + abdominal wall muscles (motor)

lumbar plexus

innervates anterior thigh, femoral nerve amd obturator nerve

sacral plexus

innervate buttocks, perineum, lower limbs except anterior and medial thigh

sciatic nerve is part of which plexus

sacral plexus, made up of tibial nerve and common fibular

ischemic stroke

• blockage, TIA - brief decrease in blood flow, infarction if not corrected

• appears as a dark shaded area

hemmorhagic stroke

• artery ruptures, releases blood, appears as bright white area

aneurysm

ballooning of artery due to weakening of muscular wall rupturing

laryngeal nerve

branches off of vagus nerve, helps ability to talk, goes all the way down to chest then comes back up

A

frontal (anterior) horn

B

choroid plexus

C

body

D

lateral ventricle

E

occipital (posterior) horn

F

atrium

G

3rd ventricle

H

foramen of Monro

I

temporal (inferior) horn

J

cerebral aqueduct

K

superior medullar velum

L

floor

M

4th ventricle

N

obex

O

inferior medullary velum

P

central canal

CN VIII

auditory nerve, transmits hearing and balance