Management 340 Exam 2 Study Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts and theories related to motivation, leadership, and group dynamics, essential for understanding management principles.

Two Factor Theory

AKA Herzberg's motivation theory; it relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory that categorizes human needs into five levels: Physiological, Safety, Relationships, Self-Esteem, and Self-Actualization.

McClelland's Needs Theory

A theory that includes need for achievement, power, and affiliation as motivational drivers.

Self-Determination Theory

A theory where people prefer to feel control over their actions to maintain motivation.

Goal Setting Theory

A motivation theory that states behavior is influenced by specific and challenging goals.

Reinforcement Theory

A theory stating that an individual's behavior is a function of its consequences, with positive behaviors likely to be repeated.

Self-Efficacy Theory

The belief in one's capability to perform a task, influenced by experiences, modeling, persuasion, and arousal.

Management by Objectives (MBO)

A result-oriented process focused on setting and controlling goals to clarify expectations and reduce ambiguity.

Job Characteristics Model

A model that describes jobs in terms of five core dimensions: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.

Job Sharing vs. Job Rotation

Job Sharing involves two people splitting a job, while Job Rotation involves periodic shifting between tasks.

Flextime

Flexible work hours allowing employees discretion over start and stop times while fulfilling a set number of hours.

Telecommuting

Working from home connected to the office via technology, allowing location freedom and increased productivity.

Participative Management

A process where subordinates share decision-making power with their superiors.

Variable Pay Programs

Compensation programs that tie a portion of pay to individual or organizational performance metrics.

In-Group vs. Out-Group

In-Group refers to groups individuals identify with, while Out-Group includes those they do not identify with.

Social Loafing

The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort in a group setting compared to working individually.

Groupthink

A phenomenon where consensus is reached without critical consideration of alternatives or consequences.

Group Shift

A change in the attitudes of a group, leading to more extreme positions after discussion.

Cohesiveness

The attraction and motivation of group members to stay together.

Nominal Group Technique

A structured decision-making method where members independently generate ideas and then discuss them together.

Situational Leadership Theory

A theory that matches leadership style to the maturity level of group members based on readiness.

Transformational Leadership

Leadership focused on inspiring and empowering individuals beyond self-interest to pursue common goals.

Charismatic Leadership Theory

A theory that describes how followers attribute extraordinary abilities to leaders based on specific behaviors.

Path-Goal Theory

The theory that it is a leader's job to assist followers in reaching their goals while ensuring alignment with group objectives.

Communication Barriers

Obstacles that hinder effective communication, including filtering, selective perception, and information overload.