types of spatial patterns represented in maps

Absolute distance

Measurement using a standard unit of length e.g mile, kilometer

Relative distance

Measurement of the social, cultural, and/or economic connectivity between places(how connected or disconnected) e.g USA and Iran vs USA and china

Absolute direction

Finding a location using compass direction, e.g. north, south, east, west

Relative direction

Finding a location, not using compass direction, e.g. left, right, forward, backward, up, down

Spatial pattern

the way things are laid out and organized on the surface of the earth

Clustering

Objects that form a group e.g. coastal population

Dispersal

Objects that are scattered e.g. rule population

Elevation

height above sea level

Spatial scale

hierarchy of Spaces, e.g. location of French speakers

global: in the world

regional: in North America

national: in Canada

local: in Quebec