Lecture Notes Flashcards: WWII Leaders, Geography, Olympics, Science, and Music

Vocabulary-style flashcards derived from the video notes, covering notable historical figures, geography facts, Olympic hosts, scientists, and composers.

Benito Mussolini

Italian fascist dictator who allied with Nazi Germany during World War II.

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister who led Britain during World War II.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

U.S. President during most of World War II; initiated the New Deal era.

Harry S. Truman

U.S. President who ordered the atomic bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.

Joseph Stalin

Leader of the Soviet Union during World War II.

Charles de Gaulle

French general who led Free France in World War II.

John F. Kennedy

U.S. President during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962).

Helmut Kohl

German Chancellor who oversaw German reunification in 1990.

Nelson Mandela

South African anti-apartheid leader and first black president (1994).

Rome

Capital of Italy.

Paris

Capital of France.

Berlin

Capital of Germany.

Madrid

Capital of Spain.

Lisbon

Capital of Portugal.

Athens

Capital of Greece.

Ankara

Capital of Turkey.

Moscow

Capital of Russia.

Washington, D.C.

Capital of the United States.

Nile River

Traditionally considered the longest river in the world (disputed with the Amazon).

Mount Everest

Highest mountain on Earth.

Pacific Ocean

Largest ocean on Earth.

Mont Blanc

Highest mountain in the Alps.

Russia (2018 FIFA World Cup host)

Country that hosted the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Qatar (2022 FIFA World Cup host)

Country that hosted the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

United States, Canada & Mexico (2026 World Cup hosts)

Co-hosts of the 2026 FIFA World Cup.

London

City that hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Rio de Janeiro

City that hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Tokyo

City that hosted the 2020 Olympics (held in 2021).

Paris

City that hosted the 2024 Olympics.

Los Angeles

City that will host the 2028 Olympics.

Isaac Newton

Physicist who formulated the law of gravitation.

Albert Einstein

Developed the theory of relativity (special and general).

Galileo Galilei

Improved the telescope and supported heliocentrism.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Johannes Kepler

Discovered the laws of planetary motion.

Charles Darwin

Proposed the theory of evolution in On the Origin of Species.

Gregor Mendel

Discovered the principles of heredity using pea plants.

Louis Pasteur

Pioneered pasteurization and germ theory.

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin.

Dmitri Mendeleev

Created the periodic table.

Antoine Lavoisier

Father of modern chemistry; helped establish chemical nomenclature and conservation of mass.

Marie Curie

Discovered radioactivity and won two Nobel Prizes (Physics and Chemistry).

Gioachino Rossini

Composer of The Barber of Seville.

Giuseppe Verdi

Composer of La Traviata and Aida.

Giacomo Puccini

Composer of La Bohème and Tosca.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Composer of The Magic Flute.

Ludwig van Beethoven

Composer of the 9th Symphony (Ode to Joy).

Johann Sebastian Bach

Composer of the Brandenburg Concertos.

Igor Stravinsky

Composer of The Rite of Spring.