Endocrine System II

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

Release hormones that connect the CNS and endocrine System

Anterior Pituitary

Stimulating hormones that prompt endocrine Glands

Endocrine gland

Hormones that regulate endocrine and nonendocrine targets

Negative feedback loop

Repeated mechanism that regulates hormone secretion

Pituitary gland

Composed of anterior and posterior lobes, involved in hormone secretion

Growth Hormone (GH)

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) or Thyrotropin

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal cortex

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates follicle development in the ovaries and sperm production in the testes

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that triggers ovulation in females and testosterone production in males

Prolactin (PRL)

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates milk production

Posterior pituitary

Outgrowth of hypothalamic neural tissue, involved in hormone secretion

Oxytocin

Peptide hormone released during childbirth and controls milk production and lactation

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Peptide hormone that regulates water balance

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone

Hormone released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of growth hormone

Thyroid Hormone

Major metabolic hormone that regulates metabolic rate, tissue growth, and development

Calcitonin

Hormone produced by parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland that regulates calcium levels

Adrenal gland

Endocrine gland involved in the production of corticoids

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (Corticotropin)

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal cortex

Mineralocorticoids

Hormones that regulate electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium levels

Aldosterone

Most potent mineralocorticoid that stimulates sodium reabsorption and water retention by the kidneys

Glucocorticoids

Hormones that stabilize blood glucose levels and maintain blood pressure

Cortisol (Hydrocortisone)

Glucocorticoid that increases gluconeogenesis and promotes the rise in blood glucose levels

Glucagon

Peptide hormone that triggers the release of glucose from storage into the blood

Insulin

Peptide hormone that triggers the removal of glucose from the blood into storage

Type 1 Diabetes

Inability to produce insulin, mainly diagnosed in children and treated with insulin injections

Type 2 Diabetes

Inability to produce sufficient insulin or use insulin effectively, often associated with obesity and can be treated with dietary changes and medications

Gestational Diabetes

Temporary diabetes during pregnancy, increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes for the mother and child in the future.