Biological Science Final Exam Review Fall 2024 1 of 2

The smallest unit that has all the characteristics of life is the?

cell.

The genus name for human beings is

Homo

The layer where organisms can exist on the surface of the earth is the

biosphere.

All members of one species form a  

population

A possible explanation for a natural event, based on observations and past knowledge is a

hypothesis.

Preservation of ecosystems is of primary importance because

They perform services that ensure our continued existence, maintain the status of the species in its current state without evolving, and allow for behavior modification.

All of the choices are correct.

Homeostasis means "staying the same."  

True, It refers to the ability of an organism or environment to maintain internal stability despite changes in external conditions.

The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes is called

technology 

All populations in one natural setting plus their physical environment constitutes a(n)

ecosystem

Encompasses the variety of life forms, the total number of species, and the variability present in species is referred to as

The term "biodiversity"

Maltose is classified as a

carbohydrate

All carbohydrate molecules

are composed of atoms of C, H, and O

Cell membranes are mostly made up of ________.

carbohydrates.

Waxes are organic compounds classified as

lipids.

Organic compounds made up of fatty acids are classified as

lipids.

TRUE about lipids?

Oils tend to be liquids at room temperature and come from plants

Which of the following molecules is used to store energy in animals?

Glycogen

Enzymes are organic compounds classified as

nucleic acids.

The three-dimensional structure of a protein is important for its function.

True

The smallest unit that has all the characteristics of life is the

cell

Which of the following may be found in eukaryotic cells, but not in bacteria?

nucleus

The ____ carries the coding (DNA) that determines heredity and how proteins are synthesized

nucleus

The cell theory states:

all cells come only from other cells

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the unique chemical properties of each element? (In other words, what makes it element A and not element B)

Each element has a unique number of protons.

A covalent bond is formed by

sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.

An ionic bond is formed by

transfer of an electron from one atom to another.

Which of the following are the strongest molecular interactions

hydrogen bonds

Which of the following are considered compounds?

H2O and CH4, but not O2

In an aqueous solution, water molecules associate with one another through which of the following?

hydrogen bonds

The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

a hydrogen bond

Which of the following represents the sequence of events during mitosis?

prophase — prometaphase — metaphase — anaphase — telophase

During prophase, ____________ is/are compacted into visible chromosomes.

chromatin

The Multicellular eukaryotes depend on cell division for

development from a fertilized egg, growth, and repair

Most cell division results in two ___________ with _______________________.

daughter cells; identical genetic information

All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell’s

genome

If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms, then:

chromosome number would double in each generation.

What evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction?

increased genetic diversity

Most human somatic cells are:

diploid

Meiosis produces ____________ which are genetically __________ while mitosis produces __________ which are genetically ______________.

four daughter cells; unique; two daughter cells; identical

_________ are the units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA

Genes

A zygote contains the ________________ complement of chromosomes.

diploid

An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have ________ chromosomes in its gametes and _________ chromosomes in its somatic cells.

18; 36

The diploid number of chromosomes can be abbreviated as ________.

2n

In asexual reproduction:

a single individual passes all of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes

The full genetic complement for a human contains ____________.

23 pairs of chromosomes.

Apical meristem can best be defined as ___________________.

an embryonic tissue responsible for the growth of a plant

Xylem is _________________________.

a vascular tissue in plants responsible for moving water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

Photosynthesis involves ___________________.

the capture of light energy and converting it to chemical energy

Which of the following is probably not involved in photosynthesis?

Roots

The stomata are located on the _________ and can control ___________.

leaves; water loss

Roots can be involved in

anchoring the plant, water uptake, mineral uptake, and food storage

Root hairs help the plant by _______________.

increasing the surface area for absorption

Plants use the _________ of the leaves to help control the loss of water.

stomata

Legumes have special root nodules that remove ________ (a necessary nutrient) from the air.

nitrogen

When a plant absorbs required minerals, they can do this using ____________.

roots

Roots come in many forms. Which of the following is not a type of root?

terminal bud

The function of the phloem can be defined as a structure that ______________________.

transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves to the site of storage

Which of the following describes the physical characteristics of the individual?

phenotype

The _____ indicates the gene combination of an individual.

genotype

Traits that exhibit continuous variation, such as skin color and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance?

polygenic

Cold weather can change the ______ of a Himalayan rabbit.

phenotype

Which of the following would not be the same in a male and female?

the total number of chromosomes, the loci for the majority of their genes, and the types of sex chromosomes

Each gamete carries one factor, now called an allele, for each inherited trait.

true

Certain traits can have more than two alleles (choices) for the same gene even though the individual can only have two of those alleles at a time.

true

A person with both A and B antigens on their blood cells has a blood type "O

false