Cellular Structure and Function

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to cellular structures, functions, and adaptations based on the lecture notes.

Golgi Complex

A network of flattened, smooth membranes and vesicles that processes and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Lysosomes

Organelles that maintain cellular health by removing toxic components and signaling cellular adaptation.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for cellular respiration and energy production, primarily through ATP synthesis.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The energy-carrying molecule that drives biological reactions necessary for cell function.

Cellular Metabolism

The chemical tasks essential for maintaining cellular functions, encompassing anabolism and catabolism.

Atrophy

The decrease in cell size, which can be physiologic (normal developmental process) or pathologic (due to reduced workload or other factors).

Hypertrophy

The increase in cell size, which can be physiologic (beneficial, such as from exercise) or pathologic (adverse, such as from hypertension).

Pathologic Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy resulting from chronic overload conditions like hypertension, leading to heart dysfunction.

Physiologic Hypertrophy

Beneficial increase in cell size, such as myocardial cells enlarging due to endurance training.

Dysuse Atrophy

A type of skeletal muscle atrophy observed in individuals immobilized for prolonged periods.