AP WORLD UNIT 5

Enlightenment

An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and rights.

Natural Rights

Basic rights (life, liberty, prosperity) that governments should protect (John Locke).

Social Contract

People give up some freedom to a government for the protection of rights.

Popular Sovereignty

Political power comes from the will of the people.

Nationalism

Pride in a nation or ethnic group, leading to unification or independence movements.

Liberalism

civil liberty, democracy, and free-market economics.

Abolitionism

Movement to end slavery

Feminism

Advocacy for equal rights for women

American Revolution

The colonial revolt against British rule (1775–1783), inspired by Enlightenment ideals.

French Revolution

revolution against the monarchy in France (1789–1799), led to the rise of Napoleon

Haitian Revolution

successful slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, leading to the first Black republic (1804).

Latin American Revolutions

uprisings against Spanish colonial rule in the early 1800s.

Industrialization

Development of machine production of goods.

Factory System

production using machinery and division and labor.

Urbanization

growth of cities caused by industrialization.

Capitalism

private individuals own businesses and operate for profit.

Socialism

means of production are owned by the state or collectively to ensure equality.

Communism

radical form of socialism, classless society, state ownership of ALL property