Tumor Markers (Modified)

Falsely low result due to antigen excess

Hook effect

Tumor markers is primarily used for

Diagnosing and monitoring cancer

Common method to detect tumor markers

Immunoassays

Most specific tumor marker for prostate cancer

PSA

Most widely used marker for pancreatic cancer

CA 19-9

Primary clinical utility of tumor markers

Monitoring treatment response and recuurrence

CA 19-9 is primarily associated with

Pancreatic cancer

Primary tumor marker for testicular cancer

B-HCG

Second leading cause of death in developed countries

Cancer

Tumor marker associated with cell lung carcinoma

NSE

Enzyme marker for leukemia and lymphoma

LDH

Oncofetal antigen tumor marker

AFP

Not a function of tumor markers

Diagnose

Monitor treatment

Detect recurrence

Screening

Diagnose

Tumor markers elevated in lung cancer

NSE

ProGRP

CEA

All of the above

Tumor markers for neuroendocrine tumors

Synaptophysin

Chromogranin A

NSE

All of the above

Tumor marker for breast cancer

CA 15-3

Tumor marker for gastric cancer

CA 72-4

CEA

CA 19-9

All of the above

Tumor marker to screen lymphoma

B2-Microglobulin

Ovarian Cancer tumor marker

CA 125

Tumor marker for gestational trophoblastic disease

B-HCG

Tumor marker for multiple myeloma

B2-Microglobulin

Free light chains

M protein

All of the above

Tumor marker for malignant melanoma

S100

Melanoma Inhibitory Activity

LDH

All of the above

Patient with elevated AFP and b-HCG has

Non-seminomatous germ cell tunmor

Patient with elevated CEA, CA19-9, and AFP has:

Colorectal cancer with metastasis

Seminoma will most likely be positive for what marker?

B-HCG

AFP is used for detecting:

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Calcitonin marker is primarily used for detecting:

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

HCG is a tumor marker for

Germ Cell Tumors

HE4 is a tumor marker used in

Ovarian cancer

heterophile antibodies can cause:

False positive or False negative results

Ideal tumor marker should be:

Tumor specific and easily detected

presence of B2-Microglobulin is indicative of

Hematological malignancies

To detect germ cell tumors:

AFP

LDH

B-HCG

All of the above