APUSH CH 11 Voab

Abolitionist

An advocate for the end of a state-approved practice or institution; the term is used most often in connection with the eradication of slavery.

Amistad

Ship at the center of an 1841 Supreme Court case over the foreign slave trade; the Court decided that the Africans who had commandeered the ship had been illegally captured and sold and were granted freedom.

Cotton Kingdom

Term used for the lower South to describe the economy and culture built on cotton production.

Cult of Honor

A set of beliefs, associated with white southern males of the nineteenth century, that emphasized respect, reputation, and the protection of women.

Denmark Vesey

A freed black living in Charleston, South Carolina, who in 1822 planned a thwarted slave rebellion that may have numbered over 9,000.

Elizabeth Keckley

Personal seamstress of Mary Todd Lincoln who bought freedom for herself and her son through sewing.

Gabriel Prosser

Leader of a thwarted large-scale slave revolt outside Richmond, Virginia, in 1800.

James Henry Hammond

South Carolina senator who coined the expression 'cotton is king.'

Manumission

The act of freeing slaves.

Nat Turner

Leader of a slave revolt in 1831 in Southampton County, Virginia, that killed 60 white men, women, and children, before being crushed.

Peculiar Institution

Southern term for slavery as a special institution of the South.

Planter class

Wealthy slaveholding planters of the South who dominated southern society despite their limited number.

Second middle passage

Term coined by historian Ira Berlin to describe the forced movement of slaves within the United States, primarily from the upper South to the cotton states.

Slave codes

Laws passed in the British colonies or in American states granting white masters absolute authority over the enslaved; these included laws depriving slaves of property, free movement, and legal defenses.

Yeoman farmer

Small farmer who worked his own soil and possessed no slave labor.