diaphysis
name the bone shaft
endosteum
what membrane lines the internal bone structures
spongy bone (trabeculae)
what bone tissue is composed of trabeculae
medullary cavity
name the cavity where yellow marrow is found
proximal epiphysis
name the end of the humerus found at your shoulder
the epiphyseal line
when growth is over, what is the epiphyseal plate called
compact bone (shaft)
what type of bone tissue forms the shaft of a bone
Paget's Disease
A disease with abnormally high bone absorption/formation of spongy bone would be?
compact bone (membrane)
What bone membrane is tough and fibrous?
dense irregular
What type of CT is associated with the periosteum?
gravity and sunlight
What environmental factors are necessary for strong healthy bones?
at the epiphysis
Where on long bones would articular cartilage be found?
longitudinal bone growth
Bone growth that lengthens the bone is called?
volkmann canals
Name the canals connecting osteons together.
osteoblast
What term means bone formation, the creation of bone?
lamellae
An osteon is made up of layered plates called?
osteoblasts
What cells actively secrete osteoid?
width
Appositional growth increases the ____ of a bone?
flat bones
Ribs belong to what category of bone?
long bones
The two categories of bone which are the biggest blood producers are?
they are stacked
What is unique about the arrangement of chondrocytes in the growth plate?
ossification (bone remodeling)
The process of constantly removing old bone matrix and deposition of new matrix is called?
somatomedins
What hormone, made by the liver, causes bone growth?
stimulating epiphyseal plate growth
What do the somatomedins target?
cartilage
What type of CT is the growth plate made of?
osteoid
Name the organic part of the matrix.
hydroxyapatites
Name the inorganic part of the matrix.
hematoma
What name is given to blood clotted in injured tissue?
sharpey's fibers
What kind of fibers are found in the bone matrix?
spongy bone (blood)
What type of bone tissue makes blood?
haematopoiesis
What is the Latin term for blood formation?
osteoporosis
A condition characterized by brittle bones in old people.
canaliculi
Osteocytes can physically touch through these little canals.
sharpey's fibers
What attaches the periosteum to the bone matrix?
osteon
A column of compact bone is called?
anterior pituitary
What gland secretes growth hormone?
sesamoid bone
It is a special class of short bone found in tendons and ligaments.
bone matrix
This term is descriptive for spongy bone and it means “a lattice work”.
your liver
What does HGH target?
testosterone and estrogen
What hormones are responsible for maintaining proportional skeletal growth?
endochondral
Bone formation from a cartilage model is called what?
mesenchyme
What tissue gives rise to all connective tissues?
calcatonin
What hormone is used to lower calcium blood levels?
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
What is produced by your skin and aides in calcium absorption?
osteomalacia
Which disease is characterized by soft bones?
anchondroplasia
What disorder is characterized by early ossification of the growth plate
osteoporosis
What genetic disease could cause a child’s bones to break often and easily?
spongy bone (top line)
What type of bone is the top line pointing to?
compact bone (lines)
What type of bone are the bottom two lines pointing to?
red marrow
What type of marrow is in the red area? (ends of a long bone)
medullary cavity
What is the cavity in the middle of the bone?
periosteum
What is the second line pointing to?
lamellae
What is circled in red?
osteocytes
What is circled in blue?
haversian/central canal
What is circled in green?
Volkmann/perforating canal
What canal in the middle is circled in black?
osteon
What is the enlarged circle a picture of?
trabeculae
What is the bottom line pointing to?
closed reduction
nonsurgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone
comminuted fracture
often seen in brittle bones of the elderly
compression fracture
a fracture in which the bone is crushed; common in the vertebral column; a common type of skull fracture
compound fracture
a fracture in which the bone ends penetrate through skin surface
depressed fracture
a common type of skull fracture
greenstick fracture
a break common in children; bone splinters, but break is incomplete
impacted fracture
broken ends are pushed together
open reduction
surgical realignment of broken bone ends
simple fracture (closed fracture)
bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin
spiral fracture
bone breaks from twisting forces; a common sports fracture