Lecture Notes Quiz

diaphysis

name the bone shaft

endosteum

what membrane lines the internal bone structures

spongy bone (trabeculae)

what bone tissue is composed of trabeculae

medullary cavity

name the cavity where yellow marrow is found

proximal epiphysis

name the end of the humerus found at your shoulder

the epiphyseal line

when growth is over, what is the epiphyseal plate called

compact bone (shaft)

what type of bone tissue forms the shaft of a bone

Paget's Disease

A disease with abnormally high bone absorption/formation of spongy bone would be?

compact bone (membrane)

What bone membrane is tough and fibrous?

dense irregular

What type of CT is associated with the periosteum?

gravity and sunlight

What environmental factors are necessary for strong healthy bones?

at the epiphysis

Where on long bones would articular cartilage be found?

longitudinal bone growth

Bone growth that lengthens the bone is called?

volkmann canals

Name the canals connecting osteons together.

osteoblast

What term means bone formation, the creation of bone?

lamellae

An osteon is made up of layered plates called?

osteoblasts

What cells actively secrete osteoid?

width

Appositional growth increases the ____ of a bone?

flat bones

Ribs belong to what category of bone?

long bones

The two categories of bone which are the biggest blood producers are?

they are stacked

What is unique about the arrangement of chondrocytes in the growth plate?

ossification (bone remodeling)

The process of constantly removing old bone matrix and deposition of new matrix is called?

somatomedins

What hormone, made by the liver, causes bone growth?

stimulating epiphyseal plate growth

What do the somatomedins target?

cartilage

What type of CT is the growth plate made of?

osteoid

Name the organic part of the matrix.

hydroxyapatites

Name the inorganic part of the matrix.

hematoma

What name is given to blood clotted in injured tissue?

sharpey's fibers

What kind of fibers are found in the bone matrix?

spongy bone (blood)

What type of bone tissue makes blood?

haematopoiesis

What is the Latin term for blood formation?

osteoporosis

A condition characterized by brittle bones in old people.

canaliculi

Osteocytes can physically touch through these little canals.

sharpey's fibers

What attaches the periosteum to the bone matrix?

osteon

A column of compact bone is called?

anterior pituitary

What gland secretes growth hormone?

sesamoid bone

It is a special class of short bone found in tendons and ligaments.

bone matrix

This term is descriptive for spongy bone and it means “a lattice work”.

your liver

What does HGH target?

testosterone and estrogen

What hormones are responsible for maintaining proportional skeletal growth?

endochondral

Bone formation from a cartilage model is called what?

mesenchyme

What tissue gives rise to all connective tissues?

calcatonin

What hormone is used to lower calcium blood levels?

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

What is produced by your skin and aides in calcium absorption?

osteomalacia

Which disease is characterized by soft bones?

anchondroplasia

What disorder is characterized by early ossification of the growth plate

osteoporosis

What genetic disease could cause a child’s bones to break often and easily?

spongy bone (top line)

What type of bone is the top line pointing to?

compact bone (lines)

What type of bone are the bottom two lines pointing to?

red marrow

What type of marrow is in the red area? (ends of a long bone)

medullary cavity

What is the cavity in the middle of the bone?

periosteum

What is the second line pointing to?

lamellae

What is circled in red?

osteocytes

What is circled in blue?

haversian/central canal

What is circled in green?

Volkmann/perforating canal

What canal in the middle is circled in black?

osteon

What is the enlarged circle a picture of?

trabeculae

What is the bottom line pointing to?

closed reduction

nonsurgical realignment of broken bone ends and splinting of bone

comminuted fracture

often seen in brittle bones of the elderly

compression fracture

a fracture in which the bone is crushed; common in the vertebral column; a common type of skull fracture

compound fracture

a fracture in which the bone ends penetrate through skin surface

depressed fracture

a common type of skull fracture

greenstick fracture

a break common in children; bone splinters, but break is incomplete

impacted fracture

broken ends are pushed together

open reduction

surgical realignment of broken bone ends

simple fracture (closed fracture)

bone is broken cleanly; the ends do not penetrate the skin

spiral fracture

bone breaks from twisting forces; a common sports fracture