BIOL 211 - Animal Cell Flash Cards

Nuclear Envelope

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores; continuous with ER

Nucleolus

Non-membranous structure involved in production of ribosomes; a nucleus has one or more nucleoli

Chromatin

Material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes

Plasma Membrane

Membrane enclosing the cell

Ribosomes

Complexes that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope

Golgi apparatus

Organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products

Lysosome

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

Mitochondrion

Organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated

Peroxisome

Various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product adn then converts it to water

Microvilli

Projections that increase the cell’s surface area

Cytoskeleton

reinforces cell’s shape, functions in cell movement, components are made of proteins (microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules)

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

proteins that make up the cytoskeleton

Centrosome

Region where the cells’ microtubules are initiated, contains a pari of centrioles

Flagellum

Motility structure present in some animal cells, composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Network of membranous sacs and tubes; active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes; has rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth (no ribosome) regions