19.1 Heart Anatomy

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Heart anatomy and physiology

16 Terms

1
Mediastinum
The space in the thoracic cavity where the heart is located, medially between the lungs.
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2
Pericardium
The tough membrane surrounding the heart, which separates it from other mediastinal structures.
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3
Pericardial cavity
The space within the pericardium that contains the heart.
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4
Apex of the heart
The inferior tip of the heart that lies just to the left of the sternum.
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5
Base of the heart
The superior surface of the heart where large veins and arteries are attached.
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6
Pulmonary circuit
The pathway that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium.
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7
Systemic circuit
The pathway that delivers oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
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8
Epicardium
The outermost layer of the heart's wall.
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9
Myocardium
The thick, muscular middle layer of the heart's wall responsible for pumping action.
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10
Endocardium
The innermost layer of the heart's wall that lines the chambers.
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11
Interatrial septum
The wall that separates the right atrium from the left atrium.
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12
Interventricular septum
The wall that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.
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13
Atrioventricular valves
Valves located between the atria and ventricles of the heart.
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14
Semilunar valves
Valves located at the openings that lead from the ventricles to the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
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15
Tricuspid valve
The atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and right ventricle.
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16
Pulmonary veins
The veins that return highly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
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